Category: ICT Infrastructure
Works
328 references:
Adamal, A., Lanvin, B. & Schware, R. (2005). E-strategies Monitoring and Evaluation Toolkit. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Retrieved October 21, 2006 from http://iris37.worldbank.org/domdoc/PRD/Other/PRDDContainer.nsf/WB_ViewAttachments?ReadForm&ID=85256D2400766CC7852570AD006E6FA0&
Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (2013). Guía para clientes que contraten servicios de Cloud Computing. Madrid: AEPD. Retrieved May 01, 2013 from http://www.agpd.es/portalwebAGPD/canaldocumentacion/publicaciones/common/Guias/GUIA_Cloud.pdf
Agencia Española de Protección de Datos (2013). Orientaciones para prestadores de servicios de Cloud Computing. Madrid: AEPD. Retrieved May 01, 2013 from http://www.agpd.es/portalwebAGPD/canaldocumentacion/publicaciones/common/Guias/ORIENTACIONES_Cloud.pdf
Ajuntament de Barcelona (2019). Barcelona ciutat digital. La tecnologia al servei de la ciutadania. Balanç del Pla Barcelona Ciutat Digital (2015-2019). Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona. Retrieved July 27, 2019 from https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/digital/sites/default/files/pla_barcelona_ciutat_digital_ca_1.pdf
Ajuntament de Barcelona (2019). Barcelona digital city. Putting technology at the service of people. Barcelona Digital City Plan (2015-2019). Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona. Retrieved July 27, 2019 from https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/digital/sites/default/files/pla_barcelona_digital_city_in.pdf
Albery, B. (1995). “What level of dialtone penetration constitutes ’universal service’?”. In
Telecommunications Policy, 19 (5), 365-380. London: Elsevier.
Allessie, D., Sobolewski, M., Vaccari, L. & Pignatelli, F. (Eds.) (2019). Blockchain for digital government. EUR 29677 EN. Luxembourg,: Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved June 07, 2019 from https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/document/2019-04/JRC115049 blockchain for digital government.pdf
Anderson, B. (2008). “The Social Impact Of Broadband Household Internet Access”. In
Information, Communication & Society, 11 (1), 5-24. London: Routledge.
Ariyabandu, R. (2009). Role of Telecentres as Knowledge Networks: Successes and Challenges. ESCAP Technical Paper IDD/TP-09-06. Bangkok: ESCAP. Retrieved July 17, 2012 from http://www.unescap.org/idd/working papers/IDD_TP_09_06_of_WP_7_2_905.pdf
Artopoulos, A. (Coord.) (2011). La Sociedad de las Cuatro Pantallas. Una mirada latinoamericana. Madrid: Fundación Telefónica, Editorial Ariel. Retrieved July 25, 2012 from http://www.fundacion.telefonica.com/es/que_hacemos/conocimiento/publicaciones/detalle/169
Atkinson, R.D., Correa, D.K. & Naklada, S. (2008). Explaining International Broadband Leadership. Washington, DC: The Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Retrieved September 22, 2008 from http://www.itif.org/files/ExplainingBBLeadership.pdf
Attewell, P. & Ahituv, N. (1999). “Home Computers and School Performance”. In
The Information Society, 15 (1), 1-10. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
Aurigi, A. (2006). “New Technologies, Same Dilemmas: Policy and Design Issues for the Augmented City”. In
Journal of Urban Technology, 13 (3), 5-28. London: Routledge.
Bailey, A. & Ngwenyama, O. (2013). Toward entrepreneurial behavior in underserved communities: An ethnographic decision tree model of telecenter usage. Indianapolis: Wiley Periodicals.
Banks, K. & Burge, R. (2004). Mobile Phones: An Appropriate Tool For Conservation And Development?. Cambridge: Fauna & Flora International.
Beard, T.R., Ford, G.S. & Spiwak, L.J. (2009). The Broadband Adoption Index: Improving Measurements and Comparisons of Broadband Deployment and Adoption. Policy Paper Number 36. Washington, D.C.: Phoenix Center for Advanced Legal and Economic Public Policy Studies. Retrieved July 24, 2009 from http://www.phoenix-center.org/pcpp/PCPP36Final.pdf
Becker, S., Crandall, M.D., Fisher, K.E., Blakewood, R., Kinney, B. & Russell-Sauvé, C. (2011). Opportunity for All: How Library Policies and Practices Impact Public Internet Access. Washington, D.C.: Institute of Museum and Library Services. Retrieved July 26, 2011 from http://www.imls.gov/pdf/OppForAll2.pdf
Becker, S., Crandall, M.D., Fisher, K.E., Kinney, B., Landry, C. & Rocha, A. (2010). Opportunity for All: How the American Public Benefits from Internet Access at U.S. Libraries. Washington, D.C.: Institute of Museum and Library Services. Retrieved March 25, 2010 from http://impact.ischool.washington.edu/documents/OPP4ALL_FinalReport.pdf
Benkler, Y., Faris, R., Gasser, U., Miyakawa, L. & Schultze, S. (2010). Next Generation Connectivity. A review of broadband Internet transitions and policy from around the world. Cambridge: Berkman Center for Internet & Society. Retrieved February 17, 2010 from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/pubrelease/broadband/
Berners-Lee, T. (2000). Weaving the Web. New York: HarperCollins.
Berryhill, J., Bourgery, T. & Hanson, A. (2018). Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its Use in the Public Sector. OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No. 28. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved August 15, 2018 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/3c32c429-en
Bertot, J.C., Jaeger, P.T., Langa, L.A. & McClure, C.R. (2006). “Public access computing and Internet access in public libraries: The role of public libraries in e–government and emergency situations”. In
First Monday, September 2006, 11 (9). [online]: First Monday. Retrieved November 05, 2009 from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/1392/1310
Bertot, J.C., Jaeger, P.T., McClure, C.R., Wright, C.B. & Jensen, E. (2009). “Public libraries and the Internet 2008-2009: Issues, implications, and challenges”. In
First Monday, 2 November 2009, 14 (11). [online]: First Monday. Retrieved November 05, 2009 from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2700/2351
Best, M.L. (2010). Connecting In Real Space: How People Share Knowledge and Technologies in Cybercafés. Presented at the 19th AMIC Annual Conference, Singapore. Singapore: AMIC. Retrieved October 11, 2010 from http://www.globalimpactstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/amic.final_.1.1.pdf
Best, M.L. & Kumar, R. (2009). “Sustainability Failures of Rural Telecenters: Challenges from the Sustainable Access in Rural India (SARI) Project”. In
Information Technologies and International Development, 4 (4), 31–45. Cambridge: MIT Press. Retrieved December 12, 2008 from http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1162/itid.2008.00025
Boley, H. & Chang, E. (2007). “Digital Ecosystems: Principles and Semantics”. In
Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, 2007. DEST'07. Inaugural IEEE-IES, 398-403. Washington, DC: IEEE.
Bradley, C., Wingfield, R. & Metzger, M. (2020). National Artificial Intelligence Strategies and Human Rights: A Review. London, Stanford: Global Partners Digital, Global Digital Policy Incubator. Retrieved April 22, 2020 from https://www.gp-digital.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/National-Artifical-Intelligence-Strategies-and-Human-Rights—A-Review_.pdf
Cañas, F. (2011). Formació sobre estratègies de gestió del treball diari amb eines al núvol. Taller al Centre d’Estudis Jurídics i Formació Especialitzada. 12, 13 i 19 de juliol de 2011. Barcelona: CEFJE. Retrieved January 23, 2012 from http://www20.gencat.cat/docs/Justicia/Documents/ARXIUS/estrategies_eines_12072011.pdf
Caldas, A., David, P.A. & Ormanidhi, O. (2005). Digital Information Network Technologies, Organisational Performance and Productivity. Oxford: Oxford Internet Institute. Retrieved July 07, 2006 from http://www.oii.ox.ac.uk/resources/publications/OIIRP1_200512_Report.pdf
Castells, M., Fernández-Ardèvol, M., Linchuan Qiu, J. & Sey, A. (2006). Mobile Communication and Society. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Catteddu, D. & Hogben, G. (2009). Cloud Computing. Benefits, risks and recommendations for information security. Heraklion: ENISA. Retrieved November 24, 2009 from http://www.enisa.europa.eu/act/rm/files/deliverables/cloud-computing-risk-assessment/at_download/fullReport
Córcoles Briongos, C. (2008). Web 2.0. La web como plataforma. Barcelona: UOC.
Ceccagnoli, M., Forman, C., Huang, E. & Wu, D. (2012). “Cocreation of Value in a Platform Ecosystem: The Case of Enterprise Software”. In
MIS Quarterly, 36 (1), 263-290. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. Retrieved May 11, 2020 from https://www.jstor.org/stable/41410417
Celedón, A., Pequeño, A., Garrido, M. & Patin, B. (2012). El Rol de los Telecentros y las Bibliotecas en Situación de Catástrofe: El Caso Chileno. Seattle: Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington Information School. Retrieved February 28, 2012 from https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/bitstream/handle/1773/19637/TASCHA_Rol-Bibliotecas-Telecentros-Chile_20120224.pdf?sequence=1
Chandrasekhar, C. (2005). “IT services as a locomotive for development?”. In
Frontline Magazine, July 1, 2005, 23 (13). Retrieved June 16, 2006 from http://www.twnside.org.sg/title2/resurgence/184/cover7.doc
Cisco (2014). 2014 Cisco Connected World Technology Report. San Jose: Cisco Systems.
Comisión de Regulación de Comunicaciones (2009). Revisión de la definición de Banda Ancha para Colombia. Bogotá: Comisión de Regulación de Comunicaciones. Retrieved March 31, 2010 from http://www.crcom.gov.co/images/stories/crt-documents/PaginaPrincipal/Documento_de_Analisis_BA.PDF
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (2011). Banda ancha para el desarrollo y la inclusión. Documento para la Sexta Cumbre de las Américas, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 14 y 15 de abril de 2012. Santiago de Chile: CEPAL. Retrieved April 18, 2012 from http://svc.summit-americas.org/sites/default/files/CEPAL Banda ancha para el desarrollo y la inclusion.pdf
Communications of the ACM . New York: Association for Computing Machinery. http://acm.org/cacm/
Compaine, B.M. (1986). “Information Gaps: Myth or Reality?”. In
Telecommunications Policy, 10 (1), 5-12. London: Elsevier.
Compaine, B.M. & Weinraub, M.J. (1997). “Universal access to online services: an examination of the issue”. In
Telecommunications Policy, 21 (1), 15-33. London: Elsevier.
Copeland, B.J. (2006). “The Modern History of Computing”. In
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2006 Edition. Retrieved July 10, 2006 from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2006/entries/computing-history
Council of the European Union (2010). Granada Ministerial Declaration on the European Digital Agenda. Agreed on 19 April 2010. Granada: Council of the European Union. Retrieved April 20, 2010 from http://www.eu2010.es/export/sites/presidencia/comun/descargas/Ministerios/en_declaracion_granada.pdf
Datta, R. (2011). Final report on pilogint rural BPO services through telecenters. Noida: Drishtee foundation, IDRC. Retrieved June 02, 2011 from http://drishteefoundation.org/DF_Rural_BPO_Piloting_Final%20Report.doc
de Filippi, P. & Hassan, S. (2016). “Blockchain technology as a regulatory technology: From code is law to law is code”. In
First Monday, 4 May 2015, 20 (5). [online]: First Monday. Retrieved December 27, 2016 from http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/7113/5657
Dekker, M.A.C. (2013). Critical Cloud Computing. A CIIP perspective on cloud computing services. Heraklion: ENISA. Retrieved February 22, 2013 from http://www.enisa.europa.eu/activities/Resilience-and-CIIP/cloud-computing/critical-cloud-computing/at_download/fullReport
Dell, M. (2006). “The digital sector can make poor nations prosper”. In
Financial Express, 5/9/2006. Retrieved May 20, 2006 from http://www.financialexpress-bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=5/9/2006§ion_id=4&newsid=23913
DeMaagd, K., Chew, H.E., Huang, G., Khan, M.L., Sreenivasan, A. & LaRose, R. (2012). “The use of public computing facilities by library patrons: Demography, motivations, and barriers”. In
Government Information Quarterly, 29 (3). London: Elsevier.
Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, 2007. DEST'07. Inaugural IEEE-IES. (2007). Washington, DC: IEEE.
Digital Future Society (2020). Una plataforma de innovación abierta para los retos sociales del futuro. Barcelona: Mobile World Capital. Retrieved July 16, 2020 from https://digitalfuturesociety.com/app/uploads/2020/06/DFSLab_Dossier_prototipado_digital.pdf
Donner, J. (2008). Research Approaches to Mobile Use in the Developing World: A Review of the Literature. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
Duncombe, R. (2012). Understanding Mobile Phone Impact on Livelihoods in Developing Countries: A New Research Framework. Development Informatics Working Paper Series, No.48/2012. Manchester: Institute for Development Policy and Management. Retrieved March 20, 2012 from http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/idpm/research/publications/wp/di/di_wp48.htm
Dymond, A. & Oestmann, S. (2004). Rural ICT Toolkit For Africa. Washington, DC: infoDev. Retrieved December 12, 2006 from http://www.infodev.org/en/Document.23.aspx
Dymond, A. (2004). Telecommunications Challenges in Developing Countries: Asymmetric Interconnection Charges for Rural Areas. World Bank Working Paper no.27. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Economic Commission for Africa (2003). SCAN-ICT. Indicators of Information and Communications Technologies. Addis Ababa: ECA. Retrieved May 19, 2006 from http://www.uneca.org/aisi/docs/ScanICT.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2011). Big data and the democratisation of decisions. London: EIU. Retrieved November 02, 2012 from http://pages.alteryx.com/rs/alteryx/images/EIU-Alteryx-Big-Data-Decisions.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2013). Redefining the digital divide. London: EIU. Retrieved January 14, 2014 from http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/download/HW_314193
Ericsson (2014). Ericsson Mobility Report. November 2014. Stockholm: Ericsson. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2014/ericsson-mobility-report-november-2014.pdf
Ericsson (2014). Smart citizens. How internet facilitates smart choices in city life. Stockholm: Ericsson. Retrieved November 21, 2014 from http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2014/consumerlab/ericsson-consumerlab-smart-citizens.pdf
Ernst & Young (2020). Inteligencia Artificial en el Sector Público. Madrid: Microsoft. Retrieved December 02, 2020 from https://info.microsoft.com/rs/157-GQE-382/images/ES-CNTNT-eBook-SRGCM3981-v2.pdf
Escola del Consum de Catalunya (2010). Els joves i les nTICs d’accés a l’entorn virtual. Barcelona: Agencia Catalana del Consum. Retrieved February 08, 2010 from http://www.consum.cat/documentacio/11857.pps
Esselaar, S., Gillwald, A. & Stork, C. (2007). Towards an African e-Index 2007. Telecommunications Sector Performance in 16 African countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/new/images/uploads/Telecommunication%20Sector%20Performance%20in%2016%20African%20Countries.pdf
Estrategias 2.0 . [online]. http://www.estrategias2.es
European Commission (2010). A Digital Agenda for Europe. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved June 07, 2010 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/digital-agenda/documents/digital-agenda-communication-en.pdf
European Commission (2006). Bridging the Broadband Gap. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Retrieved March 24, 2007 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0129:FIN:EN:PDF
European Commission (2008). Development of broadband access in Europe. Accompanying document to the Communication on future networks and the internet. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved October 06, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/future_internet/method_2008_survey_idate.pdf
European Commission (2008). Early Challenges regarding the “Internet of Things”. Accompanying document to the Communication on future networks and the internet. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved October 06, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/future_internet/swp_internet_things.pdf
European Commission (2010). Europe’s Digital Competitiveness Report. Vol. I. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=667
European Commission (2010). Europe’s Digital Competitiveness Report. Vol. II: ICT Country Profiles. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved May 22, 2010 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/document.cfm?action=display&doc_id=668
European Commission (2008). Future networks and the internet. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved October 06, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/future_internet/act_future_networks_internet_en.pdf
European Commission (2008). Indexing Broadband Performance. Accompanying document to the Communication on future networks and the internet. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved October 06, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/future_internet/swp_bpi.pdf
European Commission (2010). Measuring Digital Skills across the EU: EU wide indicators of Digital Competence. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved August 04, 2014 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/dae/document.cfm?doc_id=5406
European Commission (2008). Methodology for the collection of data on broadband prices. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved October 06, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/future_internet/broadband_prices_methodology.pdf
Eurostat (2001). Methodological Manual For Statistics On Telecommunication Services. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved August 05, 2006 from http://forum.europa.eu.int/irc/dsis/bmethods/info/data/new/embs/telecommunications1439.doc
Federal Communications Law Journal . Bloomington: Indiana University School of Law. http://www.law.indiana.edu/fclj/index.shtml
Fernández-Ardèvol, M. & Ros, A. (2009). Communication Technologies in Latin America and Africa: A multidisciplinary perspective. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.
Fillip, B. & Foote, D. (2007). Making the Connection: Scaling Telecenters for Development. Washington, DC: AED. Retrieved August 09, 2008 from http://connection.aed.org/pages/MakingConnections.pdf
Flickenger, R. (Ed.) (2006). How To Accelerate Your Internet. Morrisville: INASP/ICTP. Retrieved July 03, 2008 from http://bwmo.net
Flickenger, R., Aichele, C.E., Fonda, C., Forster, J., Howard, I., Krag, T. & Zennaro, M. (2006). Wireless Networking in the Developing World. Morrisville: Limehouse Book Sprint Team. Retrieved March 03, 2006 from http://wndw.net/
Fundació Observatori per a la Societat de la Informació de Catalunya (2010). El Sector empresarial de les Tecnologies de la Informació i la Comunicació a Catalunya, 2009. Barcelona: FOBSIC. Retrieved May 21, 2010 from http://www.fobsic.net/opencms/opencms/ca/index?contentPath=/ca/nav_esq/Estudis_i_Informes/Estudis_TIC/2010_Sector_TICx09¢erPage=nivell2.jsp
Fundación Auna (2005). “La India: el elefante de la industria del software”. In
Notas de Análisis y Prospectiva, Noviembre 2005, (12). Madrid: Fundación Auna. Retrieved May 04, 2006 from http://www.fundacionauna.com/areas/25_publicaciones/india.pdf
Fuster, M., Carballa Smichowski, B., Smorto, G., Espelt Rodrigo, R., Imperatore, P., Rebordosa, M., Rocas, M., Rodríguez, N., Senabre, E. & Ciurcina, M. (2017). Multidisciplinary Framework on Commons Collaborative Economy. Barcelona: DECODE, UOC. Retrieved October 22, 2018 from https://www.decodeproject.eu/publications/multidisciplinary-framework-commons-collaborative-economy
Future Internet . Basel: MDPI. Retrieved June 21, 2020 from http://www.mdpi.com/journal/futureinternet
García Alba, J. (Ed.) (2009). Economic Development and Inclusion through Local Broadband Access Networks. Washington, DC: Multilateral Investment Fund, Inter‐American Development Bank. Retrieved August 24, 2009 from http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=2118570
Gómez, R., Ambikar, R. & Coward, C. (2009). “Libraries, telecentres and cybercafes. An international study of public access information venues”. In
Performance Measurement and Metrics, 10 (1), 33-48. Bradford: Emerald.
Gómez, R. (2009). Measuring Global Public Access to ICT. CIS Working Paper No. 7. Seattle: University of Washington. Retrieved July 10, 2009 from http://www.cis.washington.edu/depository/landscape/documents/CIS-WorkingPaperNo7.pdf
Gómez, R. & Gould, E. (2010). “The “cool factor” of public access to ICT: Users’ perceptions of trust in libraries, telecentres and cybercafés in developing countries”. In
Information Technology & People, 23 (3), 247-264. Bradford: Emerald.
Gómez, R. & Camacho, K. (2011). “Users of ICT at Public Access Centers: Age, Education, Gender and Income Differences in Users”. In
International Journal of Information and Communication Technologies for Human Development, 3 (1), 1-20. Hershey: IGI Global. Retrieved February 22, 2011 from http://www.igi-global.com/bookstore/titledetails.aspx?TitleId=1101
Gillwald, A. (Dir.) (2004). Fair Access to Internet Report. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/FAIR%2018.03.04%20v17.pdf
Gillwald, A. (Dir.) (2004). ICT Sector Performance in Africa: A Review of Seven African Countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/01329%20ICT%20BOOK%20-%2001-32.pdf
Gillwald, A. (Ed.) (2005). Towards an African e-Index. Household and Individual ICT Access and Usage in 10 African Countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved April 24, 2006 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/Toward2.pdf
Gillwald, A. & Stork, C. (2007). Towards an African ICT e-Index: Towards evidence based ICT policy in Africa. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved November 17, 2007 from http://lirne.net/test/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/gillwald-and-stork-2007.pdf
Gillwald, A. & Stork, C. (2009). Towards Evidence-Based ICT Policy and Regulation: ICT access and usage in Africa. Vol 1 Policy Paper 2. Johannesburg: Research ICT Africa. Retrieved May 07, 2009 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/new/images/uploads/ria-policy-paper_ict-access-and-usage-2008.pdf
Gillwald, A. & Stork, C. (2008). Towards the African e-Index: ICT access and usage in 16 African Countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved September 03, 2008 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/Cairo.pdf
Gopal, A., Bostrom, R.B. & Chin, W.W. (1993). “Applying Adaptive Structuration Theory to Investigate the Process of Group Support Systems Use”. In
Journal of Management Information Systems, 9 (3), 45-69. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
Government Information Quarterly . London: Elsevier. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/620202/description
Greenstein, S. & McDevitt, R. (2012). Measuring the Broadband Bonus in Thirty OECD Countries. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 197. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved April 24, 2012 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9bcwkg3hwf-en
Greenwood, J. (1999). “The Third Industrial Revolution: Technology, Productivity, and Income Inequality”. In
Economic Review, (Q II), 2-12. Cleveland: Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. Retrieved May 20, 2006 from http://www.clevelandfed.org/Research/review99/third.pdf
GSMA (2014). Digital Inclusion Report 2014. London: GSMA.
Haché, A. (Ed.) (2014). Soberanía tecnológica. Dossier ritimo. Paris: Ritimo. Retrieved September 18, 2019 from https://www.plateforme-echange.org/IMG/pdf/dossier-st-cast-2014-06-30.pdf
Hache, A. (Ed.) Soberanía Tecnológica. Vallbona d´Anoia: Ca la Fou. Retrieved November 13, 2014 from https://calafou.org/sites/calafou.org/files/libro_soberania_tecnologica_cast_final.pdf
Hafner, K. & Lyon, M. (1996). Where Wizards Stay up Late: The Origins of the Internet. New York: Touchstone.
Hamza, M. (Ed.) (2004). Applied Simulation and Modelling. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference 2004. Rhodes: ACTA Press.
Harrison, T.M., Pardo, T.A. & Cook, M. (2012). “Creating Open Government Ecosystems: A Research and Development Agenda”. In
Future Internet, 4 (4), 900-928. Basel: MDPI. Retrieved June 21, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4040900
Heeks, R. (2006). Analysing the Software Sector in Developing Countries Using Competitive Advantage Theory. Development Informatics Working Paper Series, No.25/2006. Manchester: Institute for Development Policy and Management. Retrieved May 24, 2006 from http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/idpm/publications/wp/di/di_wp25.htm
Heeks, R. (2014). ICT4D 2016: New Priorities for ICT4D Policy, Practice and WSIS in a Post-2015 World. Development Informatics Working Paper Series, No.59/2014. Manchester: Institute for Development Policy and Management. Retrieved June 20, 2014 from http://www.seed.manchester.ac.uk/subjects/idpm/research/publications/wp/di/di-wp59/
Heeks, R. (2005). Reframing the Role of Telecentres in Development. DIG eDevelopment Briefings, No.2/2005. Manchester: Institute for Development Policy and Management. Retrieved May 24, 2006 from http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/idpm/publications/wp/di/short/DIGBriefing2Telecentres.doc
Heeks, R. (1999). Software Strategies in Developing Countries. Development Informatics Working Paper Series, No.6/1999. Manchester: Institute for Development Policy and Management. Retrieved May 24, 2006 from http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/idpm/publications/wp/di/di_wp06.htm
Heeks, R. & Kenny, C.J. (2002). The Economics of ICTs and Global Inequality: Convergence or Divergence for Developing Countries?. Development Informatics Working Paper Series, No.10a/2002. Manchester: Institute for Development Policy and Management. Retrieved May 08, 2008 from http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/idpm/research/publications/wp/di/di_wp10a.htm
Heimstädt, M., Saunderson, F. & Heath, T. (2014). “Conceptualizing Open Data Ecosystems: A Timeline Analysis of Open Data Development in the UK”. In Parycek, P. & Edelmann, N. (Eds.),
CeDEM14. Proceedings of the International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government 2014, 245-255. 21-23 May 2014, Danube University Krems, Austria. Krems: Edition Donau-Universität Krems.
Horrigan, J.B., Stolp, C. & Wilson, R.H. (2006). “Broadband Utilization in Space: Effects of Population and Economic Structure”. In
The Information Society, 22 (5), 341-354. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
Horrigan, J.B. (2007). Broadband: What’s All the Fuss About?. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved October 18, 2007 from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/BroadBand%20Fuss.pdf
Horrigan, J.B. & Duggan, M. (2015). Home Broadband 2015. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved December 26, 2015 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/12/21/home-broadband-2015/
Horrigan, J.B. (2015). Libraries at the Crossroads. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved September 26, 2015 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/09/15/2015/Libraries-at-crossroads/
Hudson, H. (1994). “Universal service in the Information Age”. In
Telecommunications Policy, 18 (8), 658-667. London: Elsevier.
INTECO (2012). Estudio sobre el cloud computing en el sector público en España. Madrid: INTECO. Retrieved July 02, 2012 from http://www.inteco.es/file/a6Cywl9gxru5f1Ez5MwRMA
INTECO (2010). Estudio sobre el fraude a través de Internet 2009. Madrid: INTECO. Retrieved July 02, 2010 from http://www.inteco.es/file/xk6K9xU46WM_Q1i88xyWtA
INTECO (2012). Guía para entidades locales: cómo ahorrar costes y mejorar la productividad con cloud computing. Madrid: INTECO. Retrieved January 08, 2013 from http://www.inteco.es/file/thRwZQMLwN7LTugIYxDKfA
INTECO (2011). Riesgos y amenazas en Cloud Computing. Madrid: INTECO. Retrieved January 23, 2012 from http://cert.inteco.es/extfrontinteco/img/File/intecocert/EstudiosInformes/cert_inf_riesgos_y_amenazas_en_cloud_computing.pdf
International Review of Information Ethics . Edmonton: International Center for Information Ethics. Retrieved April 25, 2019 from http://www.i-r-i-e.net/
International Telecommunication Union (2004). Basic course on Emergency Telecommunications. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved February 28, 2009 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/youth/emergency_telecommunications/basic_course/menu.exe
International Telecommunication Union (2007). Definitions of World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators. Final Version (April 2007). Geneva: ITU. Retrieved April 11, 2007 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/material/IndDef_e_v2007.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2017). ICT-centric economic growth, innovation and job creation. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved October 13, 2017 from https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/gen/D-GEN-ICT_SDGS.01-2017-PDF-E.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2002). ITU Internet Report 2002: Internet for a Mobile Generation. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (2003). ITU Internet Report 2003: The Birth of Broadband. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (2009). Manual for measuring ICT access and use by households and individuals. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved April 15, 2009 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/hhmanual/2009/material/HHManual2009.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2014). Manual for measuring ICT access and use by households and individuals. 2014 Edition. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved February 01, 2014 from http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/D-IND-ITCMEAS-2014-PDF-E.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2020). Measuring Digital Development. ICT Price Trends 2019. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved June 13, 2006 from https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/D-IND-ICT_PRICES.01-2019-PDF-E.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2005). Measuring Digital Opportunity. Seoul: ITU. Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/wsisbridges/linked_docs/Background_papers/Measuring_Digital_Opp_Revised_31_Oct_2005.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2008). Measuring ICT availability in villages and rural areas. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved May 14, 2008 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/material/Measuring%20ICT_web.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2009). Measuring the Information Society - The ICT Development Index 2009. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved March 03, 2009 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2009/material/IDI2009_w5.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2007). Measuring The Information Society 2007: ICT Opportunity Index and World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (2010). Measuring the Information Society 2010. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved February 23, 2010 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2010/Material/MIS_2010_without%20annex%204-e.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2011). Measuring the Information Society 2011. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved September 16, 2011 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/2011/Material/MIS_2011_without_annex_5.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2012). Measuring the Information Society 2012. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved November 13, 2012 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/publications/idi/material/2012/MIS2012_without_Annex_4.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2013). Measuring the Information Society 2013. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved November 06, 2013 from http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2013/MIS2013_without_Annex_4.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2014). Measuring the Information Society 2014. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved November 25, 2014 from http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/mis2014/MIS2014_without_Annex_4.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2015). Measuring the Information Society 2015. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved November 30, 2015 from http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2015/MISR2015-w5.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2016). Measuring the Information Society 2016. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved November 24, 2016 from http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2016/MISR2016-w4.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2017). Measuring the Information Society 2017. Volume 1. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved November 17, 2017 from https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2017/MISR2017_Volume1.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2017). Measuring the Information Society 2017. Volume 2. ICT country profiles. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved November 17, 2017 from https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2017/MISR2017_Volume2.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2018). Measuring the Information Society Report 2018. Volume 1. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved December 19, 2018 from https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/publications/misr2018/MISR-2018-Vol-1-E.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2011). Measuring the WSIS Targets. A statistical framework. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved July 31, 2011 from http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/D-IND-MEAS_WSIS-2011-PDF-E.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2005). Telecommunication Indicators Handbook. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved August 12, 2006 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/material/handbook.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2008). Telecommunication Regulatory Survey. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved April 01, 2009 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/treg/Events/Survey/survey08_en.rtf
International Telecommunication Union (2010). The Missing Link. Report of the Independent Commission for Worldwide Telecommunications Development (The Maitland Report). Geneva: ITU. Retrieved January 19, 2010 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/sfo/missinglink/The_Missing_Ling_A4-E.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2011). The Role of ICT in Advancing Growth in LDCs. Trends, Challenges and Opportunities. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved May 20, 2011 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ldc/turkey/docs/The_Role_of_ICT_in_Advancing_Growth_in_LDCs_Trends_Challenges_and_Opportunities.pdf
International Telecommunication Union & ABIresearch (2015). The state of broadband 2015. Broadband as a foundation for sustainable development. Geneva: ITU, UNESCO. Retrieved September 26, 2015 from http://www.broadbandcommission.org/Documents/reports/bb-annualreport2015.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2008). Use of Information and Communication Technology by the World’s Children and Youth. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved October 05, 2008 from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/material/Youth_2008.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2006). World Information Society Report 2006. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved July 10, 2006 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/worldinformationsociety/2006/WISR-low-web.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2007). World Information Society Report 2007. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved May 18, 2007 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/publications/worldinformationsociety/2007/WISR07_full-free.pdf
International Telecommunication Union (2002). World Telecommunication Development Report 2002: Reinventing Telecoms. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (2003). World Telecommunication Development Report 2003: Access Indicators for the Information Society. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (1999). World Telecommunication Development Report: Mobile Cellular 1999. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (1998). World Telecommunication Development Report: Universal Access. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (2001). World Telecommunication Indicators. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (2006). World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report 2006: Measuring ICT for social and economic development. Geneva: ITU.
International Telecommunication Union (2010). World Telecommunication/ICT Development Report 2010: Monitoring the WSIS targets. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved May 27, 2010 from http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-d/opb/ind/D-IND-WTDR-2010-PDF-E.pdf
Jensen, M. (2006). Open Access. Lowering the costs of international bandwidth in Africa. APC Issue Papers Series, October 2006. Johannesburg: Association for Progressive Communications. Retrieved February 13, 2007 from http://rights.apc.org/documents/open_access_EN.pdf
Jensen, M. & Mahan, A.K. (2007). Toward a Single ICT Index. Considerations for the Formulation of a Single ICT Index for the ITU. [mimeo] Presented at the World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Meeting, 13-15 December 2007. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved March 18, 2008 from http://www.itu.int/md/dologin_md.asp?lang=en&id=D06-DAP2B.1.3-C-0004!!PDF-E
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences . Islamabad: ARPN Publishers. Retrieved September 02, 2011 from http://www.cisjournal.org/
Journal of Information Technology . Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. http://www.palgrave-journals.com/jit/
Journal of Management Information Systems . Abingdon: Taylor & Francis. Retrieved April 28, 2017 from http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/mmis20/current
Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law . Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder. http://www.jthtl.org
Journal of Urban Technology . London: Routledge. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/carfax/10630732.html
Kamal, A. (2005). The Law Of Cyber-Space. An Invitation To The Table Of Negotiations. Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved August 17, 2006 from http://www.un.int/kamal/thelawofcyberspace/The%20Law%20of%20Cyber-Space.pdf
Katz, J.E., Rice, R.E. & Aspden, P. (2001). “The Internet, 1995-2000: Access, Civic Involvement, and Social Interaction”. In
American Behavioral Scientist, 45 (3), 405-419. London: SAGE Publications.
Kelly, T. (2005). “Twenty Years of Measuring the Missing Link”. In
The Economist, October 2005. London: The Economist. Retrieved August 25, 2010 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/sfo/missinglink/kelly-20-years.pdf
Kenny, C.J. (2011). Overselling Broadband: A Critique of the Recommendations of the Broadband Commission for Digital Development. Washington, DC: Center for Global Development. Retrieved December 11, 2011 from http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/1425798
Kenny, C.J. & Keremane, R. (2007). “Toward universal telephone access: Market progress and progress beyond the market”. In
Telecommunications Policy, 31, 155–163. London: Elsevier.
Keogh, D. & Wood, T. (2005). Village Phone Replication Manual. Washington: Grameen Foundation USA. Retrieved March 07, 2006 from http://www.gfusa.org/pubdownload/dcl/index.php?GFUSA-VillagePhoneReplicationManualOct05.pdf
Klimaszewski, C. & Nyce, J.M. (2009). Does universal access mean equitable access?: What an information infrastructure study of a rural Romanian community can tell us. Bradford: Emerald.
Kodakanchi, V., Kuofie, M.H.S., Abuelyaman, E. & Qaddour, J. (2006). “An Economic Development Model for IT in Developing Countries”. In
The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 28 (7), 1-9. Kowloon Tong: EJISDC. Retrieved January 30, 2007 from http://www.ejisdc.org/ojs2/index.php/ejisdc/article/view/345/191
Kolko, J. (2010). Does Broadband Boost Local Economic Development?. San Francisco: Public Policy Institute of California. Retrieved March 09, 2011 from http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/report/R_110JKR.pdf
Kretschmer, T. (2012). Information and Communication Technologies and Productivity Growth: A Survey of the Literature. OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 195. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved April 17, 2012 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9bh3jllgs7-en
Kuga Thas, A.M. & Garcia Ramilo, C. (2010). Gender Analysis for ICT Localisation Initiatives. Melville: Association for Progressive Communications. Retrieved December 07, 2018 from https://www.apc.org/sites/default/files/GEMGuide_EN_1.pdf
Kurbalija, J. & Gelbstein, E. (2005). Internet Governance. Issues, Actors and Divides. Msida: DiploFoundation. Retrieved May 14, 2007 from http://textus.diplomacy.edu/textusbin/env/scripts/Pool/GetBin.asp?IDPool=641
Lane, B., Sweet, S., Lewin, D., Sephton, J. & Petini, I. (2006). The Economic and Social Benefits of Mobile Services in Bangladesh. London: GSM Association. Retrieved November 28, 2006 from http://www.dirsi.net/english/files/Ovum%20Bangladesh%20Main%20report1f.pdf
Lee, E. (2007). “Viacom v. YouTube/Google: their lawyers debate the lawsuit”. In
The Utube Blog, Sunday, April 15th, 2007. Columbus: Edward Lee. Retrieved July 10, 2007 from http://theutubeblog.com/2007/04/15/viacom-v-youtubegoogle-their-lawyers-debate-lawsuit/
Lehr, W. (2012). Measuring the Internet. The Data Challenge. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 194. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved April 13, 2012 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k9bhk5fzvzx-en
Lewis, T., Peña Gangadharan, S., Saba, M. & Petty, T. (2018). Digital defense playbook: Community power tools for reclaiming data. Detroit: Our Data Bodies. Retrieved May 19, 2019 from http://www.odbproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/ODB_DDP_HighRes_Single.pdf
Liyanage, H. (2009). Sustainability First. In search of telecentre sustainability. Kotte: Sarvodaya Fusion, telecentre.org.
Liyanage, H. (2009). Theory of change. Impact assessment. Colombo: Sarvodaya – Fusion,. Retrieved December 23, 2009 from http://harshaliyanage.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/theory-of-change.pdf
Lnenicka, M. & Komarkova, J. (2018). “Big and open linked data analytics ecosystem: Theoretical background and essential elements”. In
Government Information Quarterly, 36 (1), 129-144. London: Elsevier. Retrieved March 29, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.11.004
Luyt, B. (2008). “The One Laptop Per Child Project and the negotiation of technological meaning”. In
First Monday, 2 June 2008, 13 (6). [online]: First Monday. Retrieved July 22, 2008 from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2144/1971
Maas, M., Flynn, C. & Fischer, S. (2020). Reading Guide for the Global Politics of Artificial Intelligence. v.0.98. Oxford: Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. Retrieved February 21, 2020 from https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropbox.com%2Fs%2Fp3f9nv59otjuwkx%2FPublicReadingGuide-TheGlobalPoliticsofAI.pdf%3Fdl%3D1&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNGfEAlm18L3pdNBXD7kN0rOsc_EdA
Mansell, R. & Wehn, U. (Eds.) (1998). Knowledge Societies: Information Technology for Sustainable Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved April 24, 2006 from http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/1-4-9-1-1-2.html
Mayanja, M., Acevedo, M., Caicedo, S. & Buré, C. (2009). A Guidebook for Managing Telecentre Networks: Engineering a New Phase of the Telecentre Movement. Ottawa: IDRC. Retrieved December 28, 2009 from https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A_Guidebook_for_Managing_Telecentre_Networks
Mayo County Council (2015). Digital Mayo Strategy Report. Castlebar: Mayo County Council. Retrieved December 12, 2016 from http://www.mayococo.ie/en/PublicationsandForms/CorporateDocuments/PDFFile,28419,en.pdf
McConnell, S. (2001). Telecentres Around the World: Issues to be Considered and Lessons Learned. Richmond: Radarsat. Retrieved July 17, 2012 from http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/file_download.php/053c2bb713f94903fc72a2a910a4e495Telecentres+around+the+world.pdf
Meijer, A.J. & Rodríguez Bolívar, M.P. (2016). “Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance”. In
International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82 (2), 392–408. London: SAGE Publications. Retrieved May 12, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314564308
Ministerio de Comunicaciones (2008). Plan Nacional de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones. Bogotá: Ministerio de Comunicaciones de la República de Colombia. Retrieved July 10, 2009 from http://www.fps.gov.co/downloads/programatics.pdf
Ministerio de Comunicaciones (2009). Plan TIC Colombia. En Línea con el Futuro. Presentation by María del Rosario Guerra, Ministra de Comunicaciones, Bogotá D.C., mayo 28 de 2009. Bogotá: Ministerio de Comunicaciones de la República de Colombia. Retrieved July 10, 2009 from http://www.colombiaplantic.org.co/medios/docs/ministra1_plantic.pdf
Morales García, A., Caridad Sebastián, M. & García López, F. (2009). “Los telecentros españoles: recursos, servicios y propuesta de indicadores para su evaluación”. In
Information Research, 14 (4). Sheffield: Tom D. Wilson. Retrieved December 13, 2009 from http://informationr.net/ir/14-4/paper420.html
Mosaic . Barcelona: UOC. http://mosaic.uoc.edu/
Mozilla (2017). Internet health report. v0.1. [online]: Mozilla. Retrieved January 22, 2017 from https://d20x8vt12bnfa2.cloudfront.net/InternetHealthReport_v01.pdf
Mueller, M. (1999). “Universal Service Policies as Wealth Redistribution”. In
Government Information Quarterly, 16 (4), 353-358. London: Elsevier.
Nachira, F., Nicolai, A., Dini, P., Le Louarn, M. & Rivera León, L. (Eds.) (2007). Digital Business Ecosystems. Brussels: European Commission.
Nachira, F. & Bria, F. (2013). Internet Identity Ecosystem. The evolution of the Internet: Towards a common or capture and surveillance of collective intelligence?. Rome: W3C.
Neale, M. (2000). William Gibson: No Maps for These Territories. Los Angeles: Docurama.
Nielsen, J. (2006). Digital Divide: The Three Stages. Alertbox, November 20, 2006. [online]: useit.com. Retrieved February 06, 2007 from http://www.useit.com/alertbox/digital-divide.html
OECD (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Society. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved June 22, 2019 from https://doi.org/10.1787/eedfee77-en
OECD (2008). Broadband and the Economy. Paris: OECD. Retrieved June 07, 2008 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/7/40781696.pdf
OECD (2008). Broadband Growth and Policies in OECD Countries. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2007). Classifying Information And Communication Technology Services. Paris: OECD. Retrieved March 19, 2007 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/39/25/38226951.pdf
OECD (2014). Cloud Computing: The Concept, Impacts and the Role of Government Policy. OECD Digital Economy Papers, No. 240. Paris: OECD Publishing. Retrieved August 28, 2014 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jxzf4lcc7f5-en
OECD (2008). Global Opportunities for Internet Access Developments. Paris: OECD. Retrieved January 13, 2008 from http://www.olis.oecd.org/olis/2007doc.nsf/LinkTo/NT00005BFA/$FILE/JT03239667.PDF
OECD (2007). Information Economy - Sector Definitions based on the International Standard Industry Classification. Paris: OECD. Retrieved May 22, 2007 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/49/17/38217340.pdf
OECD (2008). Measuring Security and Trust in the Online Environment: A View Using Official Data. Paris: OECD. Retrieved January 13, 2008 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/47/18/40009578.pdf
OECD (2002). Measuring the Information Economy. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2008). Measuring User-Created Content: Implications for the ICT Access and Use by Households and Individuals Surveys. Paris: OECD. Retrieved January 13, 2008 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/44/58/40003289.pdf
OECD (2005). OECD Communications Outlook 2005. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2007). OECD Communications Outlook 2007. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2009). OECD Communications Outlook 2009. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2011). OECD Communications Outlook 2011. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2013). OECD Communications Outlook 2013. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2000). OECD Information Technology Outlook 2000. Paris: OECD. Retrieved February 28, 2007 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/30/56/1939833.pdf
OECD (2002). OECD Information Technology Outlook 2002. Paris: OECD. Retrieved February 28, 2007 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/38/37620159.pdf
OECD (2004). OECD Information Technology Outlook 2004. Paris: OECD. Retrieved February 28, 2007 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/22/18/37620123.pdf
OECD (2006). OECD Information Technology Outlook 2006. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2008). OECD Information Technology Outlook 2008. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2010). OECD Information Technology Outlook 2010. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2012). OECD Internet Economy Outlook 2012. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2007). Participative Web and User-Created Content. Web 2.0, Wikis, and Social Networking. Paris: OECD. Retrieved October 24, 2007 from http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/9307031E.pdf
OECD (2003). Seizing the benefits of ICT in a digital economy. Report prepared for the Meeting of the OECD Council at Ministerial Level. Paris: OECD. Retrieved March 23, 2009 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/42/2507572.pdf
OECD (2008). Shaping Policies for the Future of the Internet Economy. Report prepared for the OECD Ministerial meeting on the Future of the Internet Economy taking place in Seoul on 17-18 June.. Paris: OECD. Retrieved June 18, 2008 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/29/40821707.pdf
OECD (2001). The Development of Broadband Access in OECD Countries. Paris: OECD. Retrieved March 13, 2007 from https://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/48/33/2475737.pdf
OECD (2010). The Economic and Social Role of Internet Intermediaries. Paris: OECD. Retrieved April 07, 2010 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/49/4/44949023.pdf
OECD (2004). The Economic Impact of ICT. Measurement, Evidence and Implications. Paris: OECD.
OECD (2008). The Future of the Internet Economy: A statistical profile. Statistical profile prepared for the OECD Ministerial meeting on the Future of the Internet Economy taking place in Seoul on 17-18 June.. Paris: OECD. Retrieved June 17, 2008 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/44/56/40827598.pdf
OECD (2009). The Role of Communication Infrastructure Investment in Economic Recovery. Paris: OECD. Retrieved May 20, 2009 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/4/43/42799709.pdf
OECD (2011). The Role of Internet Intermediaries in Advancing Public Policy Objectives. Paris: OECD.
Office for Artificial Intelligence & Government Digital Service (2020). A guide to using artificial intelligence in the public sector. London: Government Digital Service. Retrieved February 21, 2020 from https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/861204/A_guide_to_using_AI_in_the_public_sector__Web_.pdf
ONTSI (2015). Estudio de caracterización del sector infomediario en España 2014. Parte I: Sector infomediario público. Madrid: ONTSI. Retrieved March 16, 2015 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/sites/default/files/estudio_infomediario_publico_2014.pdf
ONTSI (2015). Estudio de caracterización del sector infomediario en España 2014. Parte II: Reutilización de información del sector privado. Madrid: ONTSI. Retrieved March 16, 2015 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/sites/default/files/reutilizacion_informacion_sector_privado_2014_0.pdf
ONTSI (2015). Estudio de caracterización del sector infomediario en España 2014. Parte III: Reutilización de la información pública por parte de las empresas en sus procesos de negocio. Análisis coste-beneficio de la información metereológica. Madrid: ONTSI. Retrieved March 16, 2015 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/sites/default/files/analisis_reutilizacion_informacion_publica_aemet.pdf
ONTSI (2016). Estudio sobre la Ciberseguridad y Confianza en los hogares españoles. Junio 2016. Madrid: ONTSI-INTECO. Retrieved July 11, 2016 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/sites/ontsi/files/ciberseguridad_y_confianza_en_los_hogares_espanoles_junio_2016.pdf
ONTSI (2016). Estudio sobre la Ciberseguridad y Confianza en los hogares españoles. Noviembre 2016. Madrid: ONTSI-INTECO. Retrieved November 17, 2016 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/sites/ontsi/files/Ciberseguridad y Confianza en los hogares (noviembre 2016).pdf
ONTSI & INTECO (2014). Estudio sobre la Ciberseguridad y Confianza en los hogares españoles. Madrid: ONTSI-INTECO. Retrieved August 04, 2014 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/sites/default/files/ciberseguridad_y_confianza_en_los_hogares.pdf
ONTSI (2017). Informe anual del Sector TIC y de los Contenidos en España 2017. Madrid: ONTSI. Retrieved December 08, 2015 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/sites/ontsi/files/Informe%20anual%20del%20Sector%20TIC%20y%20de%20los%20Contenidos%202017.pdf
ONTSI (2009). Las TIC en los hogares españoles. Encuesta panel XLIII oleada, I Trimestre 2014 Enero-Marzo. Madrid: red.es. Retrieved November 03, 2014 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/ontsi/sites/default/files/xliii_oleada_del_panel_hogares_las_tic_en_los_hogares_espanoles_1t2014_2.pdf
Oxford Insights (2020). Government AI Readiness Index 2020. Ottawa: IDRC. Retrieved October 01, 2020 from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58b2e92c1e5b6c828058484e/t/5f6dc236342b2a77d225b0f3/1601028752121/AI+Readiness+Index+2020+-+full+report.pdf
OZCHI 2006 Proceedings. (2006). Sydney: CHISIG.
Pal, J., Patra, R., Nedevschi, S., Plauche, M. & Pawar, U. (2009). “The Case of the Occasionally Cheap Computer: Low-cost Devices and Classrooms in the Developing World”. In
Information Technologies and International Development, 5 (1), 49–64. Cambridge: MIT Press. Retrieved September 13, 2010 from http://itidjournal.org/itid/article/viewFile/325/148
Pérez, J. (Coord.) (2003). WI-FI, análisis, diagnóstico y políticas públicas. Madrid: Red.es. Retrieved September 04, 2006 from http://observatorio.red.es/estudios/documentos/04_02_20_wifi.pdf
Peña-López, I. (2007). “Ben Compaine revisited: the digital divide is not (just) about infrastructures”. In
ICTlogy, March 2007, (42). Barcelona: ICTlogy. Retrieved March 26, 2007 from http://ictlogy.net/?p=528
Peña-López, I. (2007). “Benjamin M. Compaine: declare the war on the digital divide won… or just don’t!”. In
ICTlogy, March 2007, (42). Barcelona: ICTlogy. Retrieved March 16, 2007 from http://ictlogy.net/review/?p=521
Peña-López, I. (2019). Blockchain for governance: Challenges looking for a solution. Barcelona Blockchain Week, 25 October 2019. Barcelona: Democracy4all. Retrieved October 25, 2019 from http://ictlogy.net/presentations/20191025_ismael_pena-lopez_-_blockchain_governance_challenges_solutions.pdf
Peña-López, I. (2013). Claves tecnológicas de la administración electrónica. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.
Peña-López, I. (2012). “Factores clave para el éxito en los proyectos ICT4D. ¿Cómo las empresas de telecomunicaciones pueden contribuir al avance en este ámbito?”. In Cordobés, M., Sanz, B. & Navarro, S. (Coords.),
TIC, desarrollo y negocios inclusivos, Capítulo 13, 183-192. Madrid: Fundación Telefónica, Editorial Ariel.
Peña-López, I. (2006). Fundamentos Técnicos de la Administración Electrónica. ICTlogy Learning Materials Series #3. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya.
Peña-López, I. (2010). “Fundamentos tecnológicos del derecho de la Sociedad de la Información”. In Peguera, M. (Coord.),
Principios de Derecho de la Sociedad de la Información, Capítulo 1, 51-123. Madrid: Aranzadi.
Peña-López, I. (2011). “Gestores con conocimiento”. In
La Vanguardia, Temas de debate, 06/03/2011. Barcelona: Grupo Godó. Retrieved March 06, 2011 from http://www.lavanguardia.es/opinion/temas-de-debate/20110306/54123899039/vivir-en-la-nube-digital.html?page=2
Peña-López, I. (2009). Inclusió a la Societat Xarxa: el futur dels telecentres. Conferència inaugural de la 10a Jornada Òmnia, Citilab, 26 de novembre de 2008. Cornellà de Llobregat: ICTlogy. Retrieved November 26, 2009 from http://ictlogy.net/presentations/20091126_ismael_pena-lopez_inclusio_societat_xarxa.pdf
Peña-López, I. (2007). “Jakob Nielsen’s Digital Divide: The Three Stages”. In
ICTlogy, February 2007, (41). Barcelona: ICTlogy. Retrieved March 01, 2007 from http://ictlogy.net/review/?p=504
Peña-López, I. (2005). “Negroponte and the Web 2.0 or the Four Classes of the Digital Divide”. In
ICTlogy, November 2005, (26). Barcelona: ICTlogy. Retrieved June 11, 2006 from http://ictlogy.net/review/?p=316
Peña-López, I. (2006). “Networked Readiness Index vs. Human Development Index”. In
ICTlogy, March 2006, (30). Barcelona: ICTlogy. Retrieved June 11, 2006 from http://ictlogy.net/review/?p=378
Peña-López, I. (2008). “Thank you OLPC, indeed — a comment to Teemu Leinonen”. In
ICTlogy, January 2008, (52). Barcelona: ICTlogy. Retrieved January 16, 2008 from http://ictlogy.net/?p=678
Peña-López, I. (2013). “The virtual telecentre and the demand side of unemployment”. In Prieto, P. & Acevedo, M. (Eds.),
Telecentros 3.0 y la innovacion social en la red, 72-74. Gijón, Buenos Aires: La Servilleta de Paco Prieto. Retrieved October 25, 2013 from http://www.slideshare.net/pacop/telecentros-30-y-la-innovacion-social-en-la-red
Pollicy (2020). A shot in the dark: the impact of the social media tax in Uganda on access, usage, income and productivity. Kampala: Pollicy. Retrieved July 24, 2020 from http://pollicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/A-Shot-in-the-Dark-The-Impact-of-the-Social-Media-Tax-in-Uganda.pdf
Prado, P., Câmara, M.A. & Figueiredo, M.A. (2011). “Evaluating ICT adoption in rural Brazil: a quantitative analysis of telecenters as agents of social change”. In
The Journal of Community Informatics, 7 (1&2). Vancouver: Journal of Community Informatics. Retrieved September 15, 2011 from http://ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/663/714
Prieto, P. & Acevedo, M. (Eds.) (2013). Telecentros 3.0 y la innovacion social en la red. Gijón, Buenos Aires: La Servilleta de Paco Prieto. Retrieved October 24, 2013 from http://www.slideshare.net/pacop/telecentros-30-y-la-innovacion-social-en-la-red
Proenza, F.J., Bastidas-Buch, R. & Montero, G. (2001). Telecenters for Socioeconomic and Rural Development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Washington, D.C.: IADB. Retrieved July 17, 2012 from https://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/mexico04/doc/doc/10_telecenters_e.pdf
Rainie, L. & Anderson, J.Q. (2017). Code-Dependent: Pros and Cons of the Algorithm Age. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved February 11, 2017 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/02/08/code-dependent-pros-and-cons-of-the-algorithm-age/
ReadWriteWeb . [online]: ReadWriteWeb. http://www.readwriteweb.com/
red.es (2009). Encuesta panel de hogares. 21ª oleada, 3er Trimestre 2008 Julio-Septiembre. Madrid: red.es. Retrieved September 02, 2009 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/hogares-ciudadanos/articles/id/3135/xxi-oleada-del-panel-hogares-julio-septiembre-2008.html
red.es (2008). Estudio sobre Actividades realizadas en Internet 2007. Madrid: red.es. Retrieved May 07, 2008 from http://observatorio.red.es/estudios/documentos/actividades_internet_2007.pdf
red.es (2009). Las TIC en los hogares españoles. Encuesta panel 22ª oleada, IV Trimestre 2008 Octubre-Diciembre. Madrid: red.es. Retrieved May 22, 2009 from http://observatorio.red.es/hogares-ciudadanos/articles/id/3437/xxii-oleada-del-panel-hogares-octubre-diciembre-2008.html
red.es (2009). Las TIC en los hogares españoles. Encuesta panel 24ª oleada, II Trimestre 2009 Abril-Junio. Madrid: red.es. Retrieved December 07, 2009 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/hogares-ciudadanos/articles/id/4180/xxiv-oleada-del-panel-hogares-abril-junio-2009.html
red.es (2009). Las TIC en los hogares españoles. Encuesta panel 25ª oleada, III Trimestre 2009 Julio-Septiembre. Madrid: red.es. Retrieved March 16, 2010 from http://www.ontsi.red.es/hogares-ciudadanos/articles/id/4533/xxv-oleada-del-panel-hogares-julio-septiembre-2009.html
red.es (2008). Panel de hogares. 18ª Oleada (4º Trimestre 2007). Madrid: red.es. Retrieved June 12, 2008 from http://observatorio.red.es/estudios/documentos/xviii_ oleada.pdf
red.es (2008). Perfil sociodemográfico de los internautas. Análisis de datos INE 2007. Madrid: red.es. Retrieved May 07, 2008 from http://observatorio.red.es/estudios/documentos/informe_completo_perfil_del_internauta.pdf
red.es (2010). Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en la microempresa española. Edición 2010. Madrid: red.es.
red.es (2010). Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en las PYMES y grandes empresas españolas. Edición 2010. Madrid: red.es.
red.es & Fundación Vodafone (2014). Tecnologías orientadas a la movilidad: valoración y tendencias. Madrid: red.es, Fundación Vodafone.
Reding, V. (2007). Why Greece needs broadband and why it needs it now – a European perspective. Speech at The International Conference. Athens: European Commission. Retrieved July 07, 2007 from http://www.europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/07/355&format=PDF&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
Rendón, Á., Ludeña González, P.J. & Martínez Fernández, A. (Eds.) (2011). Redes de telecomunicación para zonas rurales de países en desarrollo. Un ejemplo de aplicación para la mejora de la salud. Madrid: CYTED.
Reniu i Vilamala, J.M. (2012). “¿Innovar o “maquillar”? La incorporación de las TICs a los procesos político-administrativos”. In
International Review of Information Ethics, 18, 194-199. Edmonton: International Center for Information Ethics. Retrieved April 25, 2019 from http://www.i-r-i-e.net/inhalt/018/Reniu.pdf
Reniu i Vilamala, J.M. (2019). “El Blockchain i el smart contract en relació a l’Impost sobre les Transmissions Patrimonials i els Actes Jurídics Documentats”. In
IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Ciencia Política, (29). Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Retrieved June 07, 2019 from http://doi.org/10.7238/idp.v0i29.3183
Revista iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad . Buenos Aires: Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educación Superior. Retrieved June 18, 2020 from http://www.revistacts.net/
Rey, C., Salazar Arriola, A. & Peña-López, I. (2011). “Causas y consecuencias de la brecha digital”. In Rendón, Á., Ludeña González, P.J. & Martínez Fernández, A. (Eds.),
Redes de telecomunicación para zonas rurales de países en desarrollo. Un ejemplo de aplicación para la mejora de la salud, Capítulo 1, 3-10. Madrid: CYTED.
Rochon, L. (2012). The Dictator’s practical Internet guide to power retention. Rotterdam: Laurier Rochon. Retrieved August 24, 2012 from http://pwd.io/guide/
Rubinstein, I. (2013). “Big Data: The End of Privacy or a New Beginning?”. In
International Data Privacy Law, January 25, 2013. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Sabanes Plou, D. (2011). Gender Evaluation for Telecentres. Melville: Association for Progressive Communications. Retrieved December 07, 2018 from https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/bitstream/handle/10625/46895/133341.pdf
Sciadas, G. (2004). International Benchmarking for the Information Society. Busan: ITU. http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/ni/digitalbridges/docs/background/BDB-intl-indices.pdf
Sciadas, G., Lyons, H., Rothschild, C. & Sey, A. (2012). Public access to ICTs: Sculpting the profile of users. Seattle: Technology & Social Change Group, University of Washington Information School. Retrieved January 14, 2012 from http://tascha.uw.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Global-Impact-Study-User-Profiles-Survey-Working-Paper-1.pdf
Severin, E. & Capota, C. (2011). One-to-One Laptop Programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. Technical Notes No. IDB-TN-273. New York: Inter-American Development Bank.
Sey, A. & Fellows, M. (2009). Literature Review on the Impact of Public Access to Information and Communication Technologies. CIS Working Paper No. 6. Seattle: University of Washington. Retrieved May 09, 2009 from http://cis.washington.edu/depository/publications/CIS-WorkingPaperNo6.pdf
Sey, A. & Fellows, M. (2011). Loose Strands: Searching for Evidence of Public Access ICT on Development. Paper presented at the iConference 2011, February 8-11, 2011. Seattle: University of Washington. Retrieved February 23, 2011 from http://www.globalimpactstudy.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/p189-sey.pdf
Smith, A. (2010). Home Broadband 2010. Washington, D.C.: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved August 17, 2010 from http://pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2010/Home%20broadband%202010.pdf
Smith, A. & Prieto Martín, P. (2020). “Going beyond the smart city? Implementing technopolitical platforms for urban democracy in Madrid and Barcelona”. In
Journal of Urban Technology. London: Routledge. Retrieved June 12, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2020.1786337
Sornamohan, V. (2012). “Telecentre Matters: Getting the Basics Right”. In
Information Technology in Developing Countries, February 2012, 22 (1). Ahmedabad: Centre for Electronic Governance. Retrieved February 14, 2012 from http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/egov/ifip/feb2012/vignesh-sornamohan.htm
Stephenson, N. (1999). In the Beginning was the Command Line. [online]: Neal Stephenson. Retrieved February 10, 2012 from http://www.cryptonomicon.com/beginning.html
Stern, P.A., Townsend, D. & Monedero, J. (2006). New Models for Universal Access in Latin America. Bogotá: Regulatel. Retrieved March 20, 2007 from http://regulatel.org/miembros/ppiaf2.htm
Stern, P.A., Townsend, D. & Stephens, R. (2006). New Models for Universal Access to Telecommunications Services in Latin America. Bogotá: Regulatel. Retrieved March 20, 2007 from http://regulatel.org/miembros/publicaciones/ESTU%20DIOS/SERV%20UNIV/PPIAF/informe%20final/draft%20vf/
Stork, C. & Esselaar, S. (Dirs.) (2006). Towards an African e-Index: SME e-Access and Usage in 14 African Countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved March 07, 2006 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/SME_book-Web.pdf
Stork, C. & Schmidt, J.P. (2009). Towards Evidence Based ICT Policy and Regulation: eSkills. Johannesburg: Research ICT Africa. Retrieved May 07, 2009 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/new/images/uploads/ria%20policy%20paper%20vol1paper3%20-%20eskills.pdf
Strover, S., Chapman, G. & Waters, J. (2003). Beyond Community Networking and CTCs: Access, Development and Public Policy. Presented at the Telecommunications Policy and Research Conference. Washington, DC. Retrieved March 27, 2008 from http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2003/230/TIF_evaluation.pdf
Symons, T. & Bass, T. (2017). Me, my data and I: The future of the personal data economy. London: DECODE, Nesta. Retrieved October 22, 2018 from https://www.decodeproject.eu/publications/me-my-data-and-ithe-future-personal-data-economy
Tambini, D. (2000). Universal Internet Access: A Realistic View. Wilts/London: IPPR/Citizens Online. Retrieved December 20, 2006 from http://www.citizensonline.org.uk/site/media/documents/937_universal.pdf
Telecommunications Policy . London: Elsevier. http://ees.elsevier.com/jtpo/
The Utube Blog . Columbus: Edward Lee.
The World Bank (2005). Financing Information and Communication Infrastructure Needs in the Developing World. Public and Private Roles. World Bank Working Paper no. 65. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Retrieved August 07, 2006 from http://wbln0037.worldbank.org/domdoc%5CPRD%5COther%5CPRDDContainer.nsf/All+Documents/85256D2400766CC78525709E005A5B33/$File/financingICTreport.pdf?OpenElement
Torres i Viñals, J. (2012). De la informàtica en núvol al big data. Visió introductòria per a joves emprenedors. Barcelona: UOC.
Torres i Viñals, J. (2012). Del cloud computing al big data. Visión introductoria para jóvenes emprendedores. Barcelona: UOC.
Triplett, J.E. (1999). “The Solow Productivity Paradox: What Do Computers Do to Productivity?”. In
Canadian Journal of Economics, 32 (2), 309-34. Montréal: Blackwell.
Turlea, G., Lindmark, S., Picci, L., de Panizza, A., Ulbrich, M., Desruelle, P., Bogdanowicz, M. & Broster, D. (2009). The 2009 report on R&D in ICT in the European Union. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved May 26, 2009 from http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC49951.pdf
UNCTAD (2003). ICT Development Indices 2003. New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved May 22, 2006 from http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/iteipc20031_en.pdf
UNCTAD (2002). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development Indices. New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved August 20, 2008 from http://stdev.unctad.org/un/paper3.pdf
UNCTAD (2002). Panel on Indicators of Technology Development. Summary Report.. New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved August 20, 2008 from http://stdev.unctad.org/un/p1report.doc
UNCTAD (2006). The Digital Divide Report: ICT Diffusion Index 2005. New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved May 22, 2006 from http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/iteipc20065_en.pdf
UNCTAD (2005). The Digital Divide: ICT Development Indices 2004. New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved May 22, 2006 from http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Download.asp?docid=5878&lang=1&intItemID=2068
Universal McCann (2008). Wave 3. New York: Universal McCann. Retrieved May 06, 2008 from http://www.universalmccann.com/Assets/2413%20-%20Wave%203%20complete%20document%20AW%203_20080418124523.pdf
Universal McCann (2009). Wave 4. New York: Universal McCann. Retrieved March 10, 2010 from http://universalmccann.bitecp.com/wave4/Wave4.pdf
Valiente, Ó. (2010). 1-1 in Education. Current Practice, International Comparative Research Evidence and Policy Implications. Paris: OECD. Retrieved November 16, 2010 from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/1-1-in-education_5kmjzwfl9vr2.pdf;jsessionid=15jeenmtmv4bj.delta?contentType=/ns/WorkingPaper&itemId=/content/workingpaper/5kmjzwfl9vr2-en&containerItemId=/content/workingpaperseries/19939019&accessItemIds=&mimeType=applicatio
Vega Maza, M. (2019). “El auge de blockchain y sus posibilidades reales de aplicación en los registros de las administraciones públicas”. In
IDP. Revista de Internet, Derecho y Ciencia Política, (28), 109–126. Barcelona: Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Retrieved February 21, 2019 from http://doi.org/10.7238/idp.v0i28.3154
Vinuesa, R., Theodoru, A., Battaglini, M. & Dignum, V. (2020). A socio-technical framework for digital contact tracing. [online]: arXiv.org. Retrieved May 25, 2020 from https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.08370
Vodafone (Ed.) (2006). Africa: The Impact of Mobile Phones. London: Vodafone. Retrieved November 28, 2006 from http://www.vodafone.com/assets/files/en/AIMP_09032005.pdf
Vranes, S., Lodolo, A. & Miertus, S. (2004). “Information Technology for Cleaner Water”. In Hamza, M. (Ed.),
Applied Simulation and Modelling, Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference 2004. Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference 2004. Rhodes: ACTA Press. Retrieved December 13, 2006 from http://www.ics.trieste.it/Documents/Downloads/df2242.pdf
Walton, M. & Donner, J. (2012). Public access, private mobile: The interplay of shared access and the mobile Internet for teenagers in Cape Town. Global Impact Study Research Report Series. Cape Town: University of Cape Town. Retrieved November 21, 2012 from http://library.globalimpactstudy.org/sites/default/files/docs/Public%20access,%20private%20mobile%20final.pdf
Weiser, P.J.W. (2009). The Future of Internet Regulation. Boulder: University of Colorado Law School. Retrieved March 01, 2009 from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1344757
Williams, M. (2008). Broadband for Africa: Policy for Promoting the Development of Backbone Networks. Washington, DC: infoDev. Retrieved August 09, 2008 from http://www.infodev.org/en/Document.526.aspx
World Economic Forum (2020). Global Technology Governance Report 2021. Harnessing Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies in a COVID-19 World. Geneva: World Economic Forum. Retrieved December 13, 2020 from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Technology_Governance_2020.pdf
Wu, T. (2003). “Network Neutrality, Broadband Discrimination”. In
Journal of Telecommunications and High Technology Law, 2, 141-176. Boulder: University of Colorado at Boulder. Retrieved November 15, 2010 from http://www.jthtl.org/content/articles/V2I1/JTHTLv2i1_Wu.PDF
Zickuhr, K. & Rainie, L. (2014). Younger Americans and Public Libraries. Washington, D.C.: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved September 11, 2014 from http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/09/10/younger-americans-and-public-libraries/
Zittrain, J. (2008). The Future of the Internet – and How to Stop It. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Zittrain, J. (2006). “The Generative Internet”. In
Harvard Law Review, May 2006, 119 (7), 1974-2040. Cambridge: Harvard University. Retrieved July 16, 2007 from http://www.harvardlawreview.org/issues/119/may06/zittrain.shtml
