Dilemmas in a general theory of planning

Citation:

Rittel, H.W.J. & Webber, M.M. (1973). “Dilemmas in a general theory of planning”. In Policy Sciences, 4 (2), 155-169. Boston: Springer International Publishing. Retrieved April 19, 2020 from https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730

Work data:

ISSN: 1573-0891

Alternate URL:
pdf file https://web.archive.org/web/20070930021510/http://www.uctc.net/mwebber/Rittel+Webber+Dilemmas+General_Theory_of_Planning.pdf

Type of work: Article (academic)

Categories:

Management and Business Administration

Tags:

wicked problems

Abstract:

The search for scientific bases for confronting problems of social policy is bound to fail, because of the nature of these problems. They are “wicked” problems, whereas science has developed to deal with “tame” problems. Policy problems cannot be definitively described. Moreover, in a pluralistic society there is nothing like the undisputable public good; there is no objective definition of equity; policies that respond to social problems cannot be meaningfully correct or false; and it makes no sense to talk about “optimal solutions” to social problems unless severe qualifications are imposed first. Even worse, there are no “solutions” in the sense of definitive and objective answers.

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Documento completo en Archive.org:
Rittel, H.W.J. & Webber, M.M. (1973). “Dilemmas in a general theory of planning”. In Policy Sciences, 4 (2), 155-169. Boston: Springer International Publishing.