Together with other people, I am working in a project that includes a sort of catalogue of online participation tools. In three senses:
- What different tools are out there (e.g. blogs)
- Which and how have they been used (e.g. Howard Dean’s blog)
- How can we depict and/or categorize them (e.g. top-down communication, possibility to gather feedback through comments, text-based, Internet based, etc.)
What I am here presenting is the alfa-über-draft version of the preliminary and potential taxonomy that we might be using to categorize online participation tools. And I am openly (and sincerely and earnestly and humbly) asking for comments and examples:
- Comments on the taxonomy
- Examples of kinds of online participation tools (e.g. maps)
- Examples of actual cases of usage of online participation tools (e.g. Ushahidi in Kenya)
Needless to say that the final taxonomy, and list of tools and collection of practices will be shared here. Thank you very much.
A taxonomy of online participation tools
General Description
Name of tool
General category (do we accept more than one category per tool? e.g. Is Twitter nanoblogging and a social networking site? Should we speak about Twitter or about nanoblogging (which would include Yammer, WordPress’s P2, etc.)?
- Forum, Blog, Wiki, Map, Social Networking Site, Photo, Video, Documents, etc.
Kind of Content
- Text
- Multimedia (Photo, Video, Audio…)
- Application/database (e.g. Ushahidi, FixMyStreet)
Examples of tools
Examples of usage / cases
Field of participation
Directionality: qualitative
- Unidirectional (e.g. web page)
- Asymmetric Bidirectional (e.g. blog+comments)
- Symmetric Bidirectional (e.g. forum)
Directionality: quantitative
- One to one
- One to many
- Many to many
- Hybrid (some of the above in the same tool, e.g. Facebook)
Direction (will depend on specific case?)
- Top-down
- Bottom-up
- Both
Participation: level (inspired in, among others, Arnstein, 1969)
- Information: unidirectional exchange of information (Arnstein 1-3)
- Management / consultation / debate: bidirectional exchange of information (Arnstein 4-5)
- Relationship: the exchange of information ends up in specific results (Arnstein 6)
- Desicion: results are binding or have a direct impact (Arnstein 7-8)
Participation: scope
- Government
- Citizenry / grassroots
- Parties / political organizations
Participation: goal
- Accountability, transparency, monitoring
- Propaganda, political message
- Report, complaint, petition
Field of technology
Cost
- Free
- Freemium
- Paid service
- Own development
Hosting
- Online Service (e.g. Google applications)
- (self-)hosted application (e.g. LimeSurvey)
- Both (e.g. WordPress)
Difficulty / skills (too subjective?)
- Basic
- Advanced
- Expert
Platform
- Internet
- Mobile phone
- Other (e.g. digital TV)
- Crossmedia
