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Economist Intelligence Unit (2004). The 2004 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved October 09, 2006 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/ERR2004.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2005). The 2005 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved February 21, 2006 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/2005Ereadiness_Ranking_WP.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2006). The 2006 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved April 27, 2006 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/2006Ereadiness_Ranking_WP.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007). The 2007 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved May 01, 2007 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/2007Ereadiness_Ranking_WP.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2008). The 2008 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved April 10, 2008 from http://a330.g.akamai.net/7/330/25828/20080331202303/graphics.eiu.com/upload/ibm_ereadiness_2008.pdf
Johnson, L., Levine, A. & Smith, R. (2008). The 2008 Horizon Report. Austin: New Media Consortium. Retrieved January 29, 2008 from http://www.nmc.org/pdf/2008-Horizon-Report.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2009). The 2009 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved June 05, 2009 from http://graphics.eiu.com/pdf/E-readiness%20rankings.pdf
Johnson, L., Levine, A. & Smith, R. (2009). The 2009 Horizon Report. Austin: New Media Consortium. Retrieved January 21, 2009 from http://www.nmc.org/pdf/2009-Horizon-Report.pdf
Turlea, G., Lindmark, S., Picci, L., de Panizza, A., Ulbrich, M., Desruelle, P., Bogdanowicz, M. & Broster, D. (2009). The 2009 report on R&D in ICT in the European Union. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved May 26, 2009 from http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC49951.pdf
Johnson, L., Levine, A. & Smith, R. (2010). The 2010 Horizon Report. Austin: New Media Consortium. http://www.nmc.org/pdf/2010-Horizon-Report.pdf
Johnson, L., Levine, A., Smith, R. & Haywood, K. (2010). The 2010 Horizon Report: K-12 Edition. Austin: New Media Consortium. Retrieved April 28, 2010 from http://www.nmc.org/pdf/2010-Horizon-Report-K12.pdf
Johnson, L., Smith, R., Willis, H., Levine, A. & Haywood, K. (2011). The 2011 Horizon Report. Austin: New Media Consortium. Retrieved February 09, 2011 from http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/HR2011.pdf
SustainAbility (2003). The 21st Century NGO. In the market for change. London: SustainAbility. Retrieved July 12, 2005 from http://www.sustainability.com/downloads_public/insight_reports/21st_ngo.pdf
Willinsky, J. (2005). The Access Principle. The Case for Open Access to Research and Scholarship. Cambridge: MIT Press. Retrieved June 30, 2006 from http://mitpress.mit.edu/catalog/item/default.asp?tid=10611&ttype=2
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The African Journal of Information and Communication . Johannesburg: LINK Centre.
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Communication Research, 17 (2), 183-211. London: SAGE Publications.
The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science . London: SAGE Publications. http://ann.sagepub.com/
The Atlantic Monthly . Boston: Atlantic Monthly Group Inc.. http://www.theatlantic.com/
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Information Technology & People, 23 (3), 247-264. Bradford: Emerald.
Becta (2001). The ‘Digital Divide’: A Discussion Paper. Coventry: Becta. Retrieved August 07, 2006 from http://www.becta.org.uk/page_documents/research/digitaldivide.pdf
Kerckhove, D.d. (2005). The Biases of Electricity. Inaugural Lecture of the UOC 2005-2006 Academic Year. Barcelona: UOC. Retrieved January 17, 2007 from http://www.uoc.edu/inaugural05/eng/kerckhove.pdf
Beard, T.R., Ford, G.S. & Spiwak, L.J. (2009). The Broadband Adoption Index: Improving Measurements and Comparisons of Broadband Deployment and Adoption. Policy Paper Number 36. Washington, D.C.: Phoenix Center for Advanced Legal and Economic Public Policy Studies. Retrieved July 24, 2009 from http://www.phoenix-center.org/pcpp/PCPP36Final.pdf
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Hosman, L., Fife, E. & Armey, L.E. (2008). “The case for a multi-methodological, cross-disciplinary approach to the analysis of ICT investment and projects in the developing world”. In
Information Technology for Development, 14 (4). Indianapolis: Wiley Periodicals.
Pal, J., Patra, R., Nedevschi, S., Plauche, M. & Pawar, U. (2009). “The Case of the Occasionally Cheap Computer: Low-cost Devices and Classrooms in the Developing World”. In
Information Technologies and International Development, 5 (1), 49–64. Cambridge: MIT Press. Retrieved September 13, 2010 from http://itidjournal.org/itid/article/viewFile/325/148
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Levine, F., Locke, C., Searls, D. & Weinberger, D. (1999). The Cluetrain Manifesto. The End of Business as Usual. New York: Cluetrain.
Severance, C., Hardin, J. & Whyte, A. (2008). “The coming functionality mash-up in Personal Learning Environments”. In
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Information Technology for Development, 16 (3), 191-211. Indianapolis: Wiley Periodicals.
Zook, M.A. & Graham, M. (2007). “The Creative Reconstruction of the Internet: Google and the Privatization of Cyberspace and DigiPlace”. In
Geoforum, 38 (6), 1322–1343. London: Elsevier. Retrieved December 04, 2010 from http://geospace.co.uk/files/Zook_Graham_2007_Geoforum.pdf
International Society for Performance Improvement The Criterion. Silver Spring: ISPI-FRC. http://www.ispi-frc.org/newsletter/
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Chinn, M.D. & Fairlie, R.W. (2007). “The determinants of the global digital divide: a cross-country analysis of computer and internet penetration”. In
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Hewitt de Alcántara, C. (2001). The Development Divide in a Digital Age. An Issues Paper. Technology, Business and Society Programme Paper Number 4. August 2001. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. Retrieved May 30, 2008 from http://www.unrisd.org/UNRISD/website/document.nsf/ab82a6805797760f80256b4f005da1ab/19b0b342a4f1cf5b80256b5e0036d99f/$FILE/hewitt.pdf
The Development Gateway . Washington DC: The World Bank. http://www.developmentgateway.org
OECD (2001). The Development of Broadband Access in OECD Countries. Paris: OECD. Retrieved March 13, 2007 from https://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/48/33/2475737.pdf
Peña-López, I. & Adell, J. (2010). The Dichotomies in Personal Learning Environments and Institutions. Keynote speech at the Personal Learning Environments (PLE) Conference. Cornellà de Llobregat: Citilab. Retrieved July 09, 2010 from http://ictlogy.net/presentations/20100709_ismael_pena-lopez_jordi_adell_-_dichotomies_ple_institutions.pdf
Rochon, L. (2012). The Dictator’s practical Internet guide to power retention. Rotterdam: Laurier Rochon. Retrieved August 24, 2012 from http://pwd.io/guide/
Huang, J. & Russell, S. (2006). “The digital divide and academic achievement”. In
The Electronic Library, 24 (2), 160-173. [online]: Emerald.
Hargittai, E. (2003). “The Digital Divide and What To Do About It”. In Jones, D.C. (Ed.),
New Economy Handbook, Chapter 35. San Diego: Academic Press.
van Dijk, J. & Hacker, K. (2000). The Digital Divide as a complex and dynamic phenomenon. Paper presented at the 50th Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Acapulco, 1-5 June 2000. Acapulco: International Communication Association.
Foley, P., Alfonso, X. & Ghani, S. (2002). The digital divide in a world city. London: Greater London Authority. Retrieved December 20, 2006 from http://www.citizensonline.org.uk/site/media/documents/923_GLA%20The%20Digital%20Divide%20in%20a%20World%20City%20June%202002.pdf
Sciadas, G. (2002). The Digital Divide in Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. Retrieved June 15, 2006 from http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/56F0009XIE/56F0009XIE2002001.pdf
Hüsing, T. & Selhofer, H. (2002). “The Digital Divide Index. A Measure Of Social Inequalities In The Adoption Of ICT”. In Wrycza, S. (Ed.),
Proceedings of the Xth European Conference on Information Systems ECIS 2002 - Information Systems and the Future of the Digital Economy, 1273-1286. June 6-8, 2002. Gdansk: ECIS.
Hüsing, T. (2006). The Digital Divide Index. Exploiting cross national survey data to quantify levels of e-exclusion. Bonn: Empirica. Retrieved July 17, 2006 from http://www.einclusion-eu.org/ShowDocument.asp?CaseDocumentID=61
UNCTAD (2006). The Digital Divide Report: ICT Diffusion Index 2005. New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved May 22, 2006 from http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/iteipc20065_en.pdf
Compaine, B.M. (Ed.) (2001). The Digital Divide. Facing a Crisis or Creating a Myth?. Cambridge: MIT Press.
UNCTAD (2005). The Digital Divide: ICT Development Indices 2004. New York and Geneva: UNCTAD. Retrieved May 22, 2006 from http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Download.asp?docid=5878&lang=1&intItemID=2068
Milner, H.V. (2004). The Digital Divide: The Role of Political Institutions in Technology Diffusion. New York: Columbia University. Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www.wws.princeton.edu/hmilner/working%20papers/internet_democ3.pdf
Milner, H.V. (2006). “The Digital Divide: The Role of Political Institutions in Technology Diffusion”. In
Comparative Political Studies, Volume 39, (No 2, March 200), pp 176-199. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Peña-López, I. (2006). The Digital Divides or the third industrial revolution: concepts and figures. Presentation given in Trento, May 25th, 2006 in the homonimous seminar organized by the ICT International Doctorate School of the Università degli Studi Trento. Trento: Università degli Studi Trento. Retrieved May 25, 2006 from http://ictlogy.net/presentations/20060525a_ismael_pena_digital_divides.pdf
Adkinson Jr., W.F., Lenard, T.M. & Pickford, M.J. (2004). The Digital Economy Fact Book. Sixth Edition, 2004. Washington, D.C.: The Progress & Freedom Foundation.
Lenard, T.M. & Pickford, M.J. (2005). The Digital Economy Fact Book. Seventh Edition, 2005. Washington, D.C.: The Progress & Freedom Foundation.
Lenard, T.M. & Britton, D.B. (2006). The Digital Economy Fact Book. Eighth Edition, 2006. Washington, D.C.: The Progress & Freedom Foundation.
Britton, D.B. & McGonegal, S. (2007). The Digital Economy Fact Book. Ninth Edition, 2007. Washington, D.C.: The Progress & Freedom Foundation.
Fisher III, W.W. & McGeveran, W. (2006). The Digital Learning Challenge: Obstacles to Educational Uses of Copyrighted Material in the Digital Age. Cambridge: Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Retrieved August 17, 2006 from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/media/files/copyrightandeducation.html
Stoerger, S. (2009). “The digital melting pot: Bridging the digital native–immigrant divide”. In
First Monday, 6 July 2009, 14 (7). [online]: First Monday. Retrieved July 08, 2009 from http://firstmonday.org/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/fm/article/viewArticle/2474/2243
Digital Opportunity Platform (2006). The Digital Opportunity Index: A User’s Guide. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved July 04, 2007 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/statistics/DOI/doi-guide.pdf
Schradie, J. (2011). “The digital production gap: The digital divide and Web 2.0 collide”. In
Poetics, 34 (4-5). Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V..
Jensen, R. (2007). “The Digital Provide: Information (Technology), Market Performance, and Welfare in the South Indian Fisheries Sector”. In
Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122 (3), 879-924. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dell, M. (2006). “The digital sector can make poor nations prosper”. In
Financial Express, 5/9/2006. Retrieved May 20, 2006 from http://www.financialexpress-bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=5/9/2006§ion_id=4&newsid=23913
Peña-López, I. (2011). “The disempowering Goverati: e-Aristocrats or the Delusion of e-Democracy”. In
eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government, 3 (1), 1-21. Krems: Danube-University Krems. Retrieved May 07, 2011 from http://www.jedem.org/article/view/50
Breindl, Y. (2012). “The Dynamics of Participation and Organisation in European Digital Rights Campaigning”. In
eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government, 4 (1), 24-44. Krems: Danube-University Krems. Retrieved March 13, 2013 from http://www.jedem.org/article/view/96
Gonzalez-Bailon, S., Borge-Holthoefer, J., Rivero, A. & Moreno, Y. (2011). The Dynamics of Protest Recruitment through an Online Network. London: Nature Publishing Group. Retrieved December 19, 2011 from http://www.nature.com/srep/2011/111215/srep00197/pdf/srep00197.pdf
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