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Thesis (references)

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Abdul Rahim, R., Siegenthaler Muinde, G. & Waldburger, D. (Eds.) (2005). Access, Empowerment & Governance: Creating a World of Equal Opportunities with ICT. Kuala Lumpur: Global Knowledge Partnership. Retrieved March 07, 2006 from http://www.globalknowledge.org/gkps_portal/view_file.cfm?fileid=3502
Accenture, Markle Foundation & UNDP (2001). Creating a Development Dynamic: Final Report of the Digital Opportunity Initiative. Washington, DC: Digital Opportunity Initiative. Retrieved January 11, 2008 from http://www.opt-init.org/framework/DOI-Final-Report.pdf
Alampay, E.A. (2006). “Beyond access to ICTs: Measuring capabilities in the information society”. In International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, August 10, 2 (3). August 10. Retrieved August 17, 2006 from http://ijedict.dec.uwi.edu/viewarticle.php?id=196
Albery, B. (1995). “What level of dialtone penetration constitutes ’universal service’?”. In Telecommunications Policy, 19 (5), 365-380. London: Elsevier.
Albright, P. (2006). Open Educational Resources. Open content for higher education. Final Forum Report. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved April 24, 2006 from http://www.unesco.org/iiep/eng/focus/opensrc/PDF/OERForumFinalReport.pdf
Analysys (2000). The Network Revolution and the Developing World. Washington, DC: infoDev.
Anderson, J.Q. & Rainie, L. (2006). The Future of the Internet II. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved October 19, 2006 from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Future_of_Internet_2006.pdf
APEC e-Commerce Readiness Initiative (2000). E-Commerce Readiness Assessment Guide. Auckland: APEC. Retrieved July 11, 2006 from http://www.schoolnetafrica.net/fileadmin/resources/APEC_E-Commerce_Readiness_Assessment.pdf
Archibugi, D. & Coco, A. (2003). A New Indicator of Technological Capabilities for Developed and Developing Countries (ArCo). Research Paper Series, Vol. 15, No. 44 January 2004. Rome: CEIS Tor Vergata.
Association for Progressive Communications & Instituto del Tercer Mundo (2007). Global Information Society Watch 2007. [online]: APC & ITeM. Retrieved May 25, 2007 from http://www.globaliswatch.org/files/pdf/GISW_2007.pdf
Atkins, D.E., Brown, J.S. & Hammond, A.L. (2007). A Review of the Open Educational Resources (OER) Movement: Achievements, Challenges, and New Opportunities. (online): OERderves. Retrieved March 22, 2007 from http://www.oerderves.org/wp-content/uploads/2007/03/a-review-of-the-open-educational-resources-oer-movement_final.pdf
Atkinson, R.D. & McKay, A. (2007). Digital Prosperity. Understanding the Economic Benefits of the Information Technology Revolution. Washington, DC: Information Technology and Innovation Foundation. Retrieved March 20, 2007 from http://www.itif.org/files/digital_prosperity.pdf
Bangemann, M. (Ch.) (1994). Europe and the Global Information Society: Recommendations to the European Council. Bangemann Report. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved November 13, 2006 from http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/docs/basics/docs/bangemann.pdf
Banks, K. & Burge, R. (2004). Mobile Phones: An Appropriate Tool For Conservation And Development?. Cambridge: Fauna & Flora International.
Barnes, P. (2006). Capitalism 3.0. A Guide to Reclaiming the Commons. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.. Retrieved July 10, 2007 from http://capitalism3.com/files/Capitalism_3.0_Peter_Barnes.pdf
Bartel, A., Ichniowski, C. & Shaw, K. (2007). “How Does Information Technology Affect Productivity? Plant-Level Comparisons of Product Innovation, Process Improvement, and Worker Skills”. In The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122 (4), 1721-1758. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Barzilai-Nahon, K., Rafaeli, S. & Ahituv, N. (2004). Measuring Gaps in Cyberspace: Constructing a comprehensive digital divide index. Workshop on Measuring the Information Society, the conference of Internet Research 5, Brighton, UK, September 2004. Brighton.
Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2006). “Gaps And Bits: Conceptualizing Measurements For Digital Divide/s”. In The Information Society, 22 (5), 269-278. Retrieved October 16, 2006 from http://www.indiana.edu/~tisj/22/5/ab-barzilai-nahon.html
Becta (2001). The ‘Digital Divide’: A Discussion Paper. Coventry: Becta. Retrieved August 07, 2006 from http://www.becta.org.uk/page_documents/research/digitaldivide.pdf
Benkler, Y. (2006). The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Berners-Lee, T. (2000). Weaving the Web. New York: HarperCollins.
Best, M.L. & Wade, K.W. (2005). The Internet and Democracy: Global Catalyst or Democratic Dud?. Berkman Center Research Publication No. 2005-12. Cambridge: Berkman Center for Internet & Society.
Best, M.L. & Wade, K.W. (2007). “Democratic and Anti-Democratic Regulators of the Internet: A Framework”. In The Information Society, 23 (5), 401-411. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
Bimber, B. & Davis, R. (2003). Campaigning Online. The Internet in U.S. Elections. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bindé, J. (Coord.) (2005). Towards knowledge societies: UNESCO world report. UNESCO reference works series. Paris: UNESCO. Retrieved March 09, 2006 from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001418/141843e.pdf
Blinder, A.S. & Quandt, R.E. (1997). “The computer and the economy: will information technology ever produce the productivity gains that were predicted?”. In The Atlantic Monthly, December, 280 (6), 26-32. Boston: Atlantic Monthly Group Inc..
Blinder, A.S. (2006). “Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution?”. In Foreign Affairs, 85 (2), 113-128. New York: Council of Foreign Relations. Retrieved September 18, 2007 from http://www.internationaltraderelations.com/Blinder.Offshoring%20(Foreign%20Affairs,%20March-April%202006).pdf
Boas, T., Dunning, T. & Bussell, J. (2005). “Will the Digital Revolution Revolutionize Development? Drawing Together the Debate”. In Studies in Comparative International Development, Summer 2005, 40 (2), 95-110. New York: Springer.
Bonilha, C. (2003). DAI – Digital Access Index. Brazilian Breakdown. São Paulo: Brampton Telecom.
Bonilha, C. (2007). DAI – Digital Access Index. Brazil: 2006 Update. São Paulo: Brampton Telecom.
Boyd, D. (2006). “Facebook’s ’Privacy Trainwreck’: Exposure, Invasion, and Drama”. In Apophenia Blog, September 8. Retrieved July 13, 2007 from http://www.danah.org/papers/FacebookAndPrivacy.html
Bridges.org (2001). Spanning The Digital Divide. Understanding And Tackling The Issues. Washington, DC: Bridges.org. Retrieved May 31, 2006 from http://www.bridges.org/files/active/1/spanning_the_digital_divide.pdf
Bridges.org (2002). e-Readiness overview. Cape Town: Bridges.org. Retrieved July 12, 2005 from http://www.bridges.org/node/331
Bridges.org (2002). Real Access / Real Impact Criteria. Cape Town: Bridges.org. Retrieved January 22, 2007 from http://www.bridges.org/Real_Access
Bridges.org (2005). Comparison of e-readiness assessment models and tools. Cape Town: Bridges.org. Retrieved July 11, 2006 from http://www.bridges.org/files/active/0/ereadiness_tools_bridges_10Mar05.pdf
Bridges.org (2005). E-readiness assessment: Who is doing what and where?. Cape Town: Bridges.org. Retrieved July 11, 2006 from http://www.bridges.org/files/active/0/ereadiness_whowhatwhere_bridges.pdf
Bridges.org (2005). E-Ready for What? E-Readiness in Developing Countries: Current Status and Prospects toward the Millennium Development Goals. Washington, DC: infoDev - The World Bank. Retrieved February 21, 2006 from http://www.infodev.org/files/2049_file_InfoDev_E_Rdnss_Rpt_rev11May05.pdf
Bui, T.X., Sebastian, I.M., Jones, W. & Naklada, S. (2002). E-Commerce Readiness in East Asian APEC Economies – A Precursor to Determine HRD Requirements and Capacity Building. Honolulu: PRIISM. Retrieved August 04, 2008 from http://www.apec.org/apec/publications/free_downloads/2002.MedialibDownload.v1.html?url=/etc/medialib/apec_media_library/downloads/workinggroups/telwg/pubs/2002.Par.0001.File.v1.1
Cameron, K. (2005). “The Laws of Identity”. In Identity Weblog, 5/12/2005. Retrieved July 10, 2007 from http://www.identityblog.com/stories/2005/05/13/TheLawsOfIdentity.pdf
Campbell, D. (2001). “Can the digital divide be contained?”. In International Labour Review, The Digital Divide: Employment and Development Implications, 140 (2), 119-141. Geneva: International Labour Organization.
Carvin, A. (2000). “More Than Just Access: Fitting Literacy and Content into the Digital Divide Equation”. In Educause Review, November/December 2000, 38-47. Boulder: Educause. Retrieved August 06, 2006 from http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/erm00/articles006/erm0063.pdf
Castells, M. (1998). La Era de la Información: Economía, Sociedad y Cultura. Vol. 2: El poder de la identidad. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Castells, M. (2000). “Materials for an exploratory theory of the network society”. In British Journal of Sociology, Jan-Mar 2000, 51 (1), 5-24. London: Routledge. Retrieved January 29, 2007 from http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2000.00005.x/enhancedabs/
Castells, M. (2001). La Era de la Información: Economía, Sociedad y Cultura. Vol. 1: La sociedad red. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Castells, M. (2001). La Era de la Información: Economía, Sociedad y Cultura. Vol. 3: Fin de milenio. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Castells, M. (2002). La Galàxia Internet: Reflexions sobre Internet, empresa i societat. Barcelona: Rosa dels Vents.
Castells, M. (2004). “Informationalism, Networks, And The Network Society: A Theoretical Blueprint”. In Castells, M. (Ed.), The Network Society: A Cross-Cultural Perspective, Chapter 1, 3-45. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
Castells, M., Fernández-Ardèvol, M., Linchuan Qiu, J. & Sey, A. (2006). Mobile Communication and Society. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Castells, M. (2008). “The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance”. In The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616 (1), 78-93. London: SAGE Publications. Retrieved August 14, 2008 from http://ann.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/616/1/78
Central Intelligence Agency (2003). The World Factbook. Washington: CIA. Retrieved January 27, 2009 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/download/download-2003/index.html
Chen, D.H.C. & Dahlman, C.J. (2005). The Knowledge Economy, the KAM Methodology and World Bank Operations. Washington, DC: The World Bank. Retrieved August 25, 2008 from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/KFDLP/Resources/KAM_Paper_WP.pdf
Chen, S.L. (2004). Free and Open Source Software Licensing Primer. Kuala Lumpur: UNDP-APDIP. Retrieved July 11, 2005 from http://www.iosn.net/licensing/foss-licensing-primer/foss-licensing-primer.pdf
Çilan, Ç.A., Bolat, B.A. & Co?kun, E. (2008). “Analyzing digital divide within and between member and candidate countries of European Union”. In Government Information Quarterly, 28 (1), 98-105. London: Elsevier.
Clement, A. & Shade, L.R. (1998). The Access Rainbow: Conceptualizing Universal Access to the Information/Communicatioins Infrastructure. Information Policy Research Program, Faculty of Information Studies, University of Toronto. Working Paper No. 10. Toronto: IPRP University of Toronto. Retrieved January 22, 2007 from http://www3.fis.utoronto.ca/research/iprp/publications/wp/wp10.html
Cobo Romaní, C. (2007). “Aprendizaje colaborativo. Nuevos modelos para usos educativos.”. In Cobo Romaní, C. & Pardo Kuklinski, H., Planeta Web 2.0. Inteligencia colectiva o medios fast food. Barcelona / México DF: Grup de Recerca d’Interaccions Digitals, Universitat de Vic.
Cobo Romaní, C. & Pardo Kuklinski, H. (2007). Planeta Web 2.0. Inteligencia colectiva o medios fast food. Barcelona / México DF: Grup de Recerca d’Interaccions Digitals, Universitat de Vic. Retrieved October 15, 2007 from http://www.planetaweb2.net/
Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation The Commonwealth Government & Business Guide to Information and Communication Technology. London: CTO. http://www.cto-ict.org
Compaine, B.M. (1986). “Information Gaps: Myth or Reality?”. In Telecommunications Policy, 10 (1), 5-12. London: Elsevier.
Compaine, B.M. & Weinraub, M.J. (1997). “Universal access to online services: an examination of the issue”. In Telecommunications Policy, 21 (1), 15-33. London: Elsevier.
Compaine, B.M. (2001). “Declare the War Won”. In Compaine, B.M. (Ed.), The Digital Divide. Facing a Crisis or Creating a Myth?, chapter 14, 315-335. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Compaine, B.M. (Ed.) (2001). The Digital Divide. Facing a Crisis or Creating a Myth?. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Computer Systems Policy Project (2000). Readiness Guide for Living in the Networked World. Washington, DC: CSPP. Retrieved July 11, 2006 from http://www.cspp.org/documents/NW_Readiness_Guide.pdf
Copeland, B.J. (2006). “The Modern History of Computing”. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Summer 2006 Edition. Retrieved July 10, 2006 from http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2006/entries/computing-history
Córcoles Briongos, C. (2008). Web 2.0. La web como plataforma. Barcelona: UOC.
Daly, J.A. (2003). “World Summit on the Information Society and the Role of ICT in Achieving the Millennium Development Goals”. In The Development Gateway. Washington DC: The World Bank. Retrieved August 11, 2006 from http://topics.developmentgateway.org/ict/sdm/previewDocument.do~activeDocumentId=815843
Daniel, J. & West, P. (2006). “From Digital Divide to Digital Dividend: What Will It Take?”. In Innovate, 2 (5). North Miami Beach: Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved May 31, 2006 from http://www.innovateonline.info/index.php?view=article&id=252
Digital Opportunity Platform (2006). The Digital Opportunity Index: A User’s Guide. Geneva: ITU. Retrieved July 04, 2007 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/statistics/DOI/doi-guide.pdf
DiMaggio, P. & Hargittai, E. (2001). From the ’Digital Divide’ to Digital Inequality: Studying Internet Use as Penetration Increases. Working Paper #15. Princeton: Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies, Princeton University. Retrieved August 28, 2006 from http://www.princeton.edu/~artspol/workpap/WP15%20-%20DiMaggio%2BHargittai.pdf
DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Neuman, W.R. & Robinson, J.P. (2001). “Social Implications of the Internet”. In Annual Review of Sociology, 2001, 27, 307-336. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews.
DiMaggio, P., Hargittai, E., Celeste, C. & Shafer, S. (2004). “From Unequal Access to Differentiated Use: A Literature Review and Agenda for Research on Digital Inequality”. In Neckerman, K. (Ed.), Social Inequality, 355-400. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Donath, J.S. (1999). “Identity and Deception in the Virtual Community”. In Smith, M.A. & Treat, V. (Eds.), Communities in Cyberspace. London: Routledge.
Dymond, A. (2004). Telecommunications Challenges in Developing Countries: Asymmetric Interconnection Charges for Rural Areas. World Bank Working Paper no.27. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Economic And Social Commission For Western Asia (2005). Information Society Indicators. New York: United Nations. Retrieved May 23, 2006 from http://www.itu.int/osg/spu/statistics/DOI/linkeddocs/ESCWA_Info_Soc_Indicat05.pdf
Economic Commission for Africa (2003). SCAN-ICT. Indicators of Information and Communications Technologies. Addis Ababa: ECA. Retrieved May 19, 2006 from http://www.uneca.org/aisi/docs/ScanICT.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2000). The e-business readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved October 09, 2006 from http://www.ebusinessforum.com/index.asp?layout=rich_story&doc_id=3331&country_id=&title=The+EIU%27s+e%2Dbusiness+readiness+rankings%2C+May+2000&channelid=6&categoryid=20
Economist Intelligence Unit (2001). The 2001 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved October 09, 2006 from http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/jfadt/CentralEurope/ce_report/appendixi.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2002). The 2002 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved October 09, 2006 from http://ict.satw.ch/SPIP/IMG/pdf/013.contribution.04.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2003). The 2003 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved October 09, 2006 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/eReady_2003.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2004). The 2004 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved October 09, 2006 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/ERR2004.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2005). The 2005 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved February 21, 2006 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/2005Ereadiness_Ranking_WP.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2006). The 2006 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved April 27, 2006 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/2006Ereadiness_Ranking_WP.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2007). The 2007 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved May 01, 2007 from http://graphics.eiu.com/files/ad_pdfs/2007Ereadiness_Ranking_WP.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2008). The 2008 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved April 10, 2008 from http://a330.g.akamai.net/7/330/25828/20080331202303/graphics.eiu.com/upload/ibm_ereadiness_2008.pdf
Economist Intelligence Unit (2009). The 2009 e-readiness rankings. London: EIU. Retrieved June 05, 2009 from http://graphics.eiu.com/pdf/E-readiness%20rankings.pdf
Escher, T., Margetts, H., Petricek, V. & Cox, I. (2006). Governing from the Centre? Comparing the Nodality of Digital Governments. Prepared for delivery at the 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Philadelphia: American Political Science Association. Retrieved July 10, 2007 from http://www.governmentontheweb.org/downloads/papers/Margetts_et_al_APSA_2006.pdf
Esselaar, S., Gillwald, A. & Stork, C. (2007). Towards an African e-Index 2007. Telecommunications Sector Performance in 16 African countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/new/images/uploads/Telecommunication%20Sector%20Performance%20in%2016%20African%20Countries.pdf
European Commission (2003). Council Resolution on the implementation of the eEurope. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved August 28, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/2005/doc/all_about/benchmarking/resolution.pdf
European Commission (2005). i2010 – A European Information Society for growth and employment. Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved August 28, 2008 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52005DC0229:EN:NOT
European Commission (2005). Working together for growth and jobs - A new start for the Lisbon Strategy. Communication to the Spring European Council. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved August 28, 2008 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52005DC0024:EN:NOT
European Commission (2006). Bridging the Broadband Gap. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Retrieved March 24, 2007 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0129:FIN:EN:PDF
European Commission (2006). i2010 First Annual Report on the European Information Society. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved April 30, 2008 from http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2006:0215:FIN:EN:PDF
European Commission (2006). Riga Ministerial Declaration on e-Inclusion. Riga: European Commission. Retrieved July 27, 2006 from http://europa.eu.int/information_society/events/ict_riga_2006/doc/declaration_riga.pdf
European Commission (2007). i2010 Annual Information Society Report 2007, Volume 1. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved April 30, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/annual_report/2007/sec_2007_395_en_documentdetravail_p.pdf
European Commission (2007). i2010 Annual Information Society Report 2007, Volume 2. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved April 30, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/annual_report/2007/sec_2007_395_en_documentdetravail2_p.pdf
European Commission (2007). i2010 Annual Information Society Report 2007, Volume 3. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved April 30, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/annual_report/2007/sec_2007_395_en_documentdetravail3_p.pdf
European Commission (2008). Development of broadband access in Europe. Accompanying document to the Communication on future networks and the internet. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved October 06, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/future_internet/method_2008_survey_idate.pdf
European Commission (2008). Methodology for the collection of data on broadband prices. Brussels: European Commission. Retrieved October 06, 2008 from http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/eeurope/i2010/docs/future_internet/broadband_prices_methodology.pdf
Faris, R. & Villeneuve, R. (2008). “Measuring Global Internet Filtering”. In Deibert, R.J., Palfrey, J.G., Rohozinski, R. & Zittrain, J. (Eds.), Access Denied: The Practice and Policy of Global Internet Filtering. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Ficapal-Cusí, P. & Torrent-Sellens, J. (2008). “Los Recursos Humanos en la Empresa Red”. In Torrent-Sellens, J., Vilaseca i Requena, J., Batalla, J.M., Cabañero, C.F., Castillo, D., Colomé, R., Díaz-Chao, Á., Ficapal-Cusí, P., Garay, L., Jiménez, A.I., Lladós, J., Martínez, M.J., Meseguer, A., Plana, D. & Rodríguez, I., La Empresa Red. Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, Productividad y Competitividad, Capítulo 6, 287-350. Barcelona: Ariel.
Fillip, B. (2004). ICT4D - Information and Communication Technologies for Development. [online]: Knowledge for Development. Retrieved July 29, 2004 from http://www.knowledgefordevelopment.com/ICT4D03SP/index.htm
Fink, C. & Kenny, C.J. (2003). “W(h)ither the Digital Divide?”. In Info, 5 (6), 15 - 24. Bradford: Emerald. Retrieved February 27, 2007 from http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkpdf&contentId=873988&dType=SUB&history=false
Foley, P., Alfonso, X. & Ghani, S. (2002). The digital divide in a world city. London: Greater London Authority. Retrieved December 20, 2006 from http://www.citizensonline.org.uk/site/media/documents/923_GLA%20The%20Digital%20Divide%20in%20a%20World%20City%20June%202002.pdf
Fox, S. (2005). Digital Divisions. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved January 07, 2008 from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Digital_Divisions_Oct_5_2005.pdf
Fox, S., Anderson, J.Q. & Rainie, L. (2005). The Future of the Internet. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved October 19, 2006 from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Future_of_Internet.pdf
Fox, S. (2008). Privacy Implications of Fast, Mobile Internet Access. Washington, DC: Pew Internet & American Life Project. Retrieved February 15, 2008 from http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/Privacy_Fast_Mobile_Access.pdf
Franklin, T. & Van Harmelen, M. (2007). Web 2.0 for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education. London: The Observatory of Borderless Higher Education. Retrieved May 14, 2008 from http://www.obhe.ac.uk/resources-new/pdf/651.Pdf
Freedom House (2008). Freedom in the World 2008. Washington, DC: Freedom House. Retrieved April 11, 2009 from http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=363&year=2008
Freedom House (2009). Freedom on the Net. Washington, DC: Freedom House. Retrieved April 02, 2009 from http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/specialreports/NetFreedom2009/FreedomOnTheNet_FullReport.pdf
Fumero, A. & Roca, G. (2007). Web 2.0. Madrid: Fundación Orange. Retrieved April 25, 2007 from http://www.fundacionauna.com/areas/25_publicaciones/publi_253_11.asp
Generalitat de Catalunya (Ed.) (2003). Relació de competències bàsiques. Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya. Retrieved March 19, 2006 from http://www.gencat.net/educacio/csda/actuacions/est_fin/docs/relacio_cb.pdf
Ghosh, R.A. (2007). Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the EU. Maastricht: UNU-MERIT. Retrieved January 17, 2007 from http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/ict/policy/doc/2006-11-20-flossimpact.pdf
Gillmor, D. (2004). We The Media. Sebastopol: O’Reilly Media.
Gillwald, A. (Dir.) (2004). Fair Access to Internet Report. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/FAIR%2018.03.04%20v17.pdf
Gillwald, A. (Dir.) (2004). ICT Sector Performance in Africa: A Review of Seven African Countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved August 30, 2008 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/01329%20ICT%20BOOK%20-%2001-32.pdf
Gillwald, A. (Ed.) (2005). Towards an African e-Index. Household and Individual ICT Access and Usage in 10 African Countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved April 24, 2006 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/Toward2.pdf
Gillwald, A. & Stork, C. (2007). Towards an African ICT e-Index: Towards evidence based ICT policy in Africa. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved November 17, 2007 from http://lirne.net/test/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/gillwald-and-stork-2007.pdf
Gillwald, A. & Stork, C. (2008). Towards the African e-Index: ICT access and usage in 16 African Countries. Johannesburg: The Link Centre. Retrieved September 03, 2008 from http://www.researchictafrica.net/images/upload/Cairo.pdf
Gilster, P. (1997). Digital Literacy. New York: Wiley and Computer Publishing.
Goodman, S.E., Burkhart, G.E., Foster, W.A., Press, L.I., Tan, Z. & Woodard, J. (1998). The Global Diffusion of the Internet Project. An Initial Inductive Study. Omaha: The Mosaic Group. Retrieved July 01, 2008 from http://mosaic.unomaha.edu/GDI1998/GDI1998.html
Goswami, D. (2006). A Review of the Network Readiness Index. Lyngby: LIRNE.NET. Retrieved July 04, 2007 from http://www.regulateonline.org/content/view/823/32
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